Almond Shell as Coarse Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

Abstract

The utilization of organic waste materials in concrete is an important beneficial factor for the environment. One of those organic wastes in the KRG Iraq are almond shells. Few studies have been conducted on the use of almond shells in concrete and have shown good potential. This study has investigated the properties and the mechanical behavior of almond shells partially replacing the conventional aggregates in concrete. The replacements were 5, 10, 25 and 75%. The almond shells show a uniform grading in its natural state when obtained from local farmers. Since the organic material is highly porous, it tends to absorb much of the water content in the mix which reduces the slump. Furthermore, with a 5% almond shells replacement, the specimens have shown a compressive strength of 17.03 MPa with a density of 1850 kg/m3 which is within the limits of the ACI and BS standards and identified as a structural lightweight concrete. Further recommendations for future studies have been identified based on the results of this study.