Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on-board Chandrayaan-2 rover

Shanmugam, M.; Murty, S. V. S.; Acharya, Y. B.; Goyal, Subhash; Patel, Alkesh B.; Shah, B.; Hait, A. K.; Patinge, A.; Subrahmanyam, D. L.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2013.03.011

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…X‐ray detection has demonstrated wide applications in non‐destructive inspection, medical diagnostics, astrophysics, and nuclear reaction monitoring. [ 1–3 ] Recently, metal halide perovskites and their derivatives have achieved great successes as direct X‐ray detectors. [ 4–8 ] The heavy atoms (Pb, Bi), good carrier transport and long carrier lifetime of the materials together contribute to the excellent detection performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Xia

Yuan

Niu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

199

221

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Metal halide perovskites and derivatives exhibit a high sensitivity and low detection limit as direct X‐ray detectors. Inorganic 2D bismuth halide perovskites are promising for X‐ray detections, but have not been reported. Moreover, the quantitative relationship between the structural dimensionality of A3B2X9 perovskites and their compositions has never been investigated, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the key structural descriptors for 2D A3B2X9 perovskite derivatives are reported: i) octahedral factor μ, 0.377 < μ < 0895; ii) tolerance factor t, 0.8 < t < 1.06; iii) (rA‐0.55)/t < 1.48 Å. Accordingly, a new 2D A3B2X9 perovskite derivative, Rb3Bi2I9, with high X‐ray attenuation coefficients is found. The assembled X‐ray detector exhibits a high μτ product of 2.51 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, good sensitivity for 159.7 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, and a record low detection limit of 8.32 nGyair s−1 among all direct and indirect perovskite X‐ray detectors. The device also exhibits good stability toward external bias and continuous gamma ray radiations (480 000 Gy). This work provides crystal structural insights to rationally design 2D perovskites for new types of radiation detectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Xia

Yuan

Niu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

199

221

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“…The sensor head contains a circular disc that holds six alpha sources symmetrically around the disc and the detector at the center. It is designed and developed at PRL, Ahmedabad (Shanmugam et al, 2014).…”

Section: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (Apxs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chandrayaan-2: India’s Second Lunar Exploration Mission

Kosambe

2019

Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology

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The Moon has always been the center of attention for mankind, more than any other heavenly body in the night sky. With the early history of the solar system etched on it, the Moon challenges mankind from time immemorial to discover its secrets and admire its marvels. Understanding the Moon will provide us a pathway to unravel the early evolution of the solar system and that of planet Earth. Almost twelve years after its first lunar exploration mission, India bounced back towards Moon with Chandrayaan-2. India's most advanced engineering marvel Chandrayaan-2 is on a mission unlike any before. Leveraging nearly a decade of scientific research and engineering development, India's second lunar expedition will shed light on a completely unexplored region of the Moon, its South Polar Region. The indigenously built Chandrayaan-2 consists of an orbiter, a lander (Vikram) along with a rover (Pragyan). With the payload of completely home-grown technologies, it will help us to gain a better understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon by conducting detailed topographical studies, comprehensive mineralogical analysis and a host of other experiments. The Chandrayaan-2 is India's first robotic exploration mission to attempt a soft landing on the South Polar Region of the Moon. With the success of this mission, India became the fifth country ever to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface. This paper provides an insight into the Chandrayaan-2 Mission. Additionally, an overview of the mission profile, challenges involved, launch vehicle architecture, spacecraft configuration and scientific payloads are also presented.

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“…An alpha particle x-ray spectrometer (APXS) has been successfully used for Mars rover missions such as Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rover, and Mars Science Laboratory [1][2][3] . Also, there are a few active x-ray spectrometer planned for the prospective lunar rover mission such as Chandrayaan-3 4) . For all of these cases, a radioactive isotope was used to generate X-rays on the surface of a rock on Mars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Active X-Ray Spectrometer for the SELENE-2 Rover

Kim

Amano

Boynton

et al. 2014

AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN

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The Active X-ray Spectrometer (AXS) for the Japanese SELENE-2 rover has been proposed for elemental analysis on the lunar surface to measure the major elements: Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe; the minor elements, Na, K, P, S, Cl, Cr, and Mn and the trace element Ni, all depending on their concentrations at a landing site. The elemental data of the AXS allow us to not only classification but also quantification of surface rocks on the Moon. The AXS is a compact low-weight instrument for elemental analysis based on the principle of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using an X-ray spectrometer and two (four) pyroelectric crystals as X-Ray Generators (XRG). This paper introduces the current status of the pre-project to develop an AXS for the SELENE-2 Rover including the investigations on the generation of X-ray flux of the XRG, required surface roughness for the XRS measurement, and a thermal design of the AXS.

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Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on-board Chandrayaan-2 rover

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Chandrayaan-2: India’s Second Lunar Exploration Mission

An Active X-Ray Spectrometer for the SELENE-2 Rover

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Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on-board Chandrayaan-2 rover

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A3B2X9 Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A3B2X9 Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Chandrayaan-2: India’s Second Lunar Exploration Mission

An Active X-Ray Spectrometer for the SELENE-2 Rover

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability

Unveiling the Structural Descriptor of A₃B₂X₉ Perovskite Derivatives toward X‐Ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit and High Stability