Alteration in Activity of Grass Pollen Extract

Derrick, Edith; Trinca, John C.

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1964.tb03234.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The greater instability of diluted allergens when stored in viuls filled to various levels compared with full vials is called the 'volume effect' and has been previously described (Hjorth, 1957;Derrick & Trinca, 1964;Osmundsen & Aastrup, 1967a, b). The phenomenon has been found in diluted extracts of grass pollen and to a less degree in extracts of house dust and horse dandruff.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Again, this higher stability of the dandruff extract may probably be explained by the high concentration of allergen and non-allergenic protein in the dandruff extract. The 'volume effect' is believed to be caused by adsorption ofprotein to the glass wall and addition of 001% Tween 80 eliminated this effect in grass extracts (Hjorth, 1958;Derrick & Trinca, 1964) but not in extracts of house dust and horse dandruff (Osmundsen & Aastrup, 1967a. b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allergens in concentrated solution have been reported to be stable for one to several years (Augustin & Hayward, 1962;Derrick & Trinca, 1964). Diluted extracts, on the other hand, are more labile and deteriorate faster the more diluted they are (Hjorth, 1957;Malley, Reed & Lietze, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the stability of diluted allergen extracts using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

Foucard

Bennich

Johansson

1973

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Summary Allergen extracts from birch pollen, timothy pollen and horse dandruff were investigated. The influence of storage time, volume of extract in the vial and various additives on the potency of diluted extracts was tested with the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The potency of diluted pollen extracts was found to decrease more rapidly than the potency of diluted dandruff extracts. The differences in allergen activity seen in RAST between freshly diluted extracts and stored extract dilutions were roughly reproducible in skin tests and histamine release tests from passively sensitized chopped human lung. The higher allergen stability of the dandruff extracts could, at least in part, be explained by the higher protein content of these extracts. An adsorption of allergen to the glass wall was shown to be the most probable cause to the more rapid decrease of allergen activity seen in pollen extracts stored in vials only partly filled. With addition of 0.2% Tween 20 after storage the potency of the extracts became almost equivalent to that of corresponding dilutions stored in filled vials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the stability of diluted allergen extracts using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

Foucard

Bennich

Johansson

1973

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…The dilution were stored at + +° C, and were renewed every fourteenth day in order to avoid iinpaireinent of the activity of the extracts (18,19,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mould Allergy

Ripe

1966

Allergy

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A prosposed mechanism for the inactivation of atopic allergens in dilute solution

Berrens

1967

Immunochemistry

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Almtract--A study has been made of the ultra-violet absorption spectra of purified atopic allergens at pH 2 and pH 12. The colour change of atopen solutions from deep brown in alkali to light brown or yellow in acid is reflected in the spectra by considerably higher extinction coefficients in Rlkall. By including native proteins and synthetic protein-sugar model compounds it proved possible to locate the specific differences between the spectra of the allergens in acid and alkali at wavelengths over 325 mp, i.e. in the near ultra-violet and in the visible region. It is suggested that the chemical shifts in the system: Nt-[1-deoxygiycosulosyl-(1)]-lysine residue and its 1.2-and 2.3-enolic tantomers are responsible for the colour-change phenomenon.The incorporation of these 1-amino-l-deoxy-2-ketose derivatives, especially of the 2"3-enediol form, together with their pathways of degradation in dilute solution and at extreme pH-values, provides a plausible explanation for the inactivation of solutions of atopic allergens.1. INTRODUCTION IN A previous study ~1~ the ultra-violet absorption spectra of a number of purified atopic allergens were compared with those of crystalline proteins and of synthetic model compounds, prepared by subjecting native proteins to Maillard reactions with aldose-sugars. It was found that new chromophores are introduced into the protein molecule during this reaction, giving rise to low-intensity absorption maxima at 305 mp and at wavelengths over 325 m/~. Further observations on the optical properties of systems containing e-aminocaproic acid/aldose, n-amylamine/ aldose and primary amine/~-hydroxy-aldehydes subsequently led to the conclusion that the chromophore is located at the site of a protein-sugar linkage and encompasses the nitrogen atom of the e-amino group of lysine residues in the protein and the first two (or three) carbon atoms of the aldose reactant.~2, 3~Since similar structural sites were detected optically and chemically in atopic allergens, it was concluded that these antigens characteristically contain N-substituted 1-amino-l-deoxy-2-ketoses, N~-[1-deoxyglycosulosyl-(1)-]-lysine residues, the absorption peak at 305 mt~ being attributable to the 1.2-enol form. The significance of these sites of N-glycosidic coupling in human atopic allergy became especially evident when it could be demonstrated that the specific skin-reactivity of bovine ~-hctoglobulin in atopic individuals hypersensitive to cow's milk could be increased a hundredfold by reacting the protein with lactose.~4) It is the purpose of the present article to extend the observations on the u.v. spectra of atopic allergens by differential spectroscopy at extreme pH-values and to identify derivatives of 1-amino-l-deoxy-2-ketoses incorporated in the molecular structure.

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Alteration in Activity of Grass Pollen Extract

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Studies on the stability of diluted allergen extracts using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

Studies on the stability of diluted allergen extracts using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

Mould Allergy

A prosposed mechanism for the inactivation of atopic allergens in dilute solution

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