Alterations by Air Pollution in Inflammation and Metals in Pleural Effusion of Pneumonia Patients

Bai, Kuan Jen; Chuang, Kai Jen; Chen, Jen Kun; Tsai, Chao-Ming; You, Yang; Chang, Chih Cheng; Chen, Tzu Tao; Lee, Chun Nin; Feng, Po Hao; Chen, Kuan Yuan; Lee, Kang Yun; Su, Chein Ling; Ho, Shu-Chuan; Wu, Sheng; Chuang, Hsiao Chi

doi:10.3390/ijerph16050705

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…NO 2 is a regular air pollutant generally produced by combustion [27]. NO 2 exposure was associated with inhibition of neutrophil pulmonary infiltration by reducing pulmonary expression of CD62 [28]. NO 2 exposure enhanced epithelial damage, airway inflammation, hyper-responsiveness, and functional changes in the lung of rodents [27,[29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China

Xiong

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Previous studies have suggested that air pollutant exposure is related to tuberculosis (TB) risk, but results have not been consistent. This study evaluated the relation between daily air pollutant exposure and TB incidence in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019. Overall, there were four pollutants that were positively related to the risk of new TB cases. After a 5 μg/m3 increase, the maximum lag-specific and cumulative relative risk (RR) of SO2 were 1.081, (95% CI: 1.035–1.129, lag: 3 days) and 1.616 (95% CI: 1.119–2.333, lag: 0–13 days), while for NO2, they were 1.061 (95% CI: 1.015–1.11, lag: 4 days) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.113–2.91, lag: 0–15 days). As for PM2.5, with a 50 μg/m3 increase, the lag-specific and cumulative RR were 1.064 (95% CI: 1–1.132, lag: 6 days) and 3.101 (95% CI: 1.096–8.777, lag: 0–21 days), while for CO, the lag-specific RR was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.005–1.057, lag: 8 days) and the cumulative RR was 1.436 (95% CI: 1.004–2.053, lag: 0–16 days) with a 100 μg/m3 increase. The associations tended to be stronger in male and elderly patients and differed with seasons. Air pollutant exposure may be a risk factor for TB incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China

Xiong

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Pleural effusion is a pathological condition where excess fluid accumulates between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes that surround the lungs. This condition causes impaired lung function due to the fluid between the tissues in the pleural cavity ( Arad et al, 2009 ; Bai et al, 2019 ). In the present work, the duration of effusion in the groups of zinc and vitamin A was found to be significantly lower compared to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of zinc versus vitamin A supplementation on pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Saied¹,

Borolossy

Ramzy

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting the respiratory tract and is responsible for a high mortality rate in children less than 5 years of age. The mortality rate due to CAP is much higher in low/middle-income countries than in high-income countries due to malnutrition and different micronutrient deficiencies that weaken the immune system.Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of zinc and vitamin A, as two elements of micronutrient agents, on the recovery rate of children suffering from CAP aged from 6 months to 5 years. The length of hospital stays was also investigated.Method: A comparative, randomized, open-label, controlled, interventional study was carried out among children less than 5 years of age in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) diagnosed with CAP who were randomly divided into three groups. In addition to the standard therapy, group 1 was given zinc, group 2 was given vitamin A, and group 3 was the control group, given the standard therapy only. We compared the three groups in terms of recovery rate and hospital stay.Result: The duration of hospitalization following zinc and vitamin A supplementation was reduced by an average of 3.21 days (95% CI: 5.01–1.41, p = 0.01) and 2.43 days (95% CI: 4.29–0.57, p = 0.01), respectively, compared to the control group. In addition, the two groups of vitamin A and zinc supplementation were associated with a shorter duration of pneumonic effusion (p < 0.001) in comparison to the control group. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the effects of zinc and vitamin A when compared to each other in terms of duration of hospital stay and pneumatic effusion.Conclusion: The administration of zinc or vitamin A supplementation proved to be useful as an add-on therapy in community-acquired pneumonia, where it reduced the length of hospital stay and the duration of pneumonic effusion in pneumonic children less than 5 years of age.

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“…Indeed, there have been growing bodies of interest in and research into the relationship between air pollution and the mesothelium or mesothelial reactions. In a retrospective study in patients with pneumonia with pleural effusion, an increase in nitrogen dioxide was related to a decrease in the differentiation of CD62 and the degrees of pleural molybdenum and zinc, suggesting an association between air pollution exposure and an altered immune response in pleural effusion [31]. Another interesting autopsybased study in Sao Paulo highlighted lifetime exposure to air pollution as an indicator of pleural anthracosis [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Sequential Monitoring of the Early Mesothelial Reaction in the Pleura after Cryoinjury

Kim,

Chae,

Nam

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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(1) Background: An early mesothelial reaction of the pleura, leading to fibrosis, has been reported in animals after chemical or heavy metal exposure. However, the visual monitoring of early time-sequential mesothelial reaction-associated cryoinjury has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and visualize the early mesothelial reactions seen following cryoinjury using rabbit pleura. (2) Methods: We monitored the early mesothelial reaction in rabbit pleurae after cryoinjury using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in real-time, which was then compared with pathological images. Due to the penetration limit of OCT, we made a thoracic window to image the parietal and visceral pleurae in vivo. We also used an innovative technique for capturing the microstructure in vivo, employing a computer-controlled intermittent iso-pressure breath hold to reduce respiratory motion, increasing the resolution of OCT. We organized three sample groups: the normal group, the sham group with just a thoracic window, and the experimental group with a thoracic window and cryotherapy. In the experimental group, localized cryoinjury was performed. The mesothelial cells at the level of pleura of the cryotherapy-injured site were visualized by OCT within the first 30 min and then again after 2 days at the same site. (3) Results: In the experimental group, focal thickening of the parietal pleura was observed at the site of cryoinjury using OCT after the first injury, and it was then confirmed pathologically as focal mesothelial cell proliferation. Two days after cryoinjury, diffuse mesothelial cell proliferation in the parietal pleura was noted on the reverse side around the cryoinjured site in the same rabbit. In the sham group, no pleural reaction was found. The OCT and pathological examinations revealed different patterns of mesothelial cell reactions between the parietal and visceral pleurae: the focal proliferation of mesothelial cells was found in the parietal pleura, while only a morphological change from flat cells to cuboidal cells and a thickened monolayer without proliferation of mesothelial cells were found in the visceral pleural. (4) Conclusions: An early mesothelial reaction occurs following cryoinjury to the parietal and visceral pleurae.

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Alterations by Air Pollution in Inflammation and Metals in Pleural Effusion of Pneumonia Patients

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China

Association of Daily Exposure to Air Pollutants with the Risk of Tuberculosis in Xuhui District of Shanghai, China

Effect of zinc versus vitamin A supplementation on pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Time-Sequential Monitoring of the Early Mesothelial Reaction in the Pleura after Cryoinjury

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