Alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the acutely ischemic heart

Unbound Free Fatty Acids and Heart-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein: Diagnostic Assays and Clinical Applications

“…Under aerobic conditions, nonesterified long-chain FFAs represent the primary metabolic sources for the myocardium, accounting for almost two-thirds of the ATP generated, with glucose metabolism generating the remaining one-third of myocardial oxygen demand (5 ). Plasma long-chain fatty acids are either esterified to glycerol or nonesterified (or FFAs), most of which are bound to albumin.…”

Direct myocardial ischemia imaging with exercise 18FDG

“…The relative proportion of free fatty acids and glucose uptake and utilization varies with their blood levels, metabolic milieu (fed or fasting state), insulin, and catecholamine levels. [16][17][18] Free fatty acid metabolism is obligatory aerobic. Glucose metabolism is a two-stepped process, the first step (glycolysis) where glucose is converted to pyruvate is anaerobic, whereas the second step whereby pyruvate enters Kreb's cycle and is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water is aerobic.…”

Myocardial Insulin Resistance: An Overview of Its Causes, Effects, and Potential Therapy

“…During early ischaemia there is a transient increase in anaerobic glycolysis while glucose oxidation decreases [199,[221][222][223][224]. Under these conditions normal or increased glucose uptake (under the influence of insulin) may be important for the delivery of glycolytic ATP to maintain ion homeostasis.…”