Alterations of Growth Factors in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Galvez‐Contreras, Alma Y.; Campos-Ordoñez, Tania; González-Castañeda, Rocío E.; González-Pérez, Óscar

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00126

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…An increasing body of evidence indicates that growth factors modulate motor, emotional and cognitive functions, which may explain several clinical manifestations of these disorders ( 41 ). The results regarding plasma levels of BDNF in patients with ASD ( 24 , 42 , 43 ) are inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NGF is also a member of the neurotrophin family and is involved in the growth, differentiation, survival and regeneration of nerve cells by stimulating Trk A (a transmembrane tyrosine kinase) and p75 receptors. NGF is primarily present in highly functional brain regions ( 41 ). In line with the present authors, other researchers have observed increased levels of NGF in children with ASD ( 44 ) and hyperactivity ( 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Regression Exhibit a Different Profile in Plasma Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules Compared to Children Without Such Regression

et al. 2018

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Background: In the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it has been suggested that a proinflammatory condition, as well as an alteration in adhesion molecules in the early stages of neurodevelopment, may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. This study set out to evaluate the plasma levels of certain inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and growth factors in a sample of pediatric patients with ASD and compare them to the levels in a control group of healthy children.Methods: Fifty-four children (45 males and nine females) aged 2-6, who were diagnosed with ASD, and a control group of 54 typically-developing children of similar ages were selected. The diagnosis of ASD was carried out in accordance with the DSM-5 criteria and the data obtained from a developmental semi-structured clinical interview and the ADOS evaluation test. Additional testing was carried out to identify the children's developmental level and severity of ASD symptomatology. Patients with ASD were further divided into two subgroups based on developmental parameters: ASD children with neurodevelopmental regression (AMR) and ASD children without neurodevelopmental regression (ANMR). Analyses of plasma molecules, such as cathepsin, IL1β, IL6, IL8, MPO, RANTES, MCP, BDNF, PAI NCAM, sICAM, sVCAM and NGF, were performed.Results: Higher levels of NGF were observed in the ASD group compared with the levels in the control group (p < 0.05). However, in the analysis of the ASD subgroups, lower plasma levels of NCAM and higher levels of NGF were found in the group of ASD children without developmental regression compared to the levels in the group of typically-developing children.Conclusions: These results suggest differences that could be related to different pathophysiological mechanisms in ASD. There is not a specific profile for the expression of relevant plasma cytokines, adhesion molecules or growth factors in children with ASD compared with that in typically-developing children. However, in the ANMR and AMR subgroups, some of the adhesion molecules and neuronal growth factors show differences that may be related to synaptogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Regression Exhibit a Different Profile in Plasma Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules Compared to Children Without Such Regression

et al. 2018

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“…Importantly, these diet-induced neurodevelopmental and behavioral aberrations are associated with altered neuroinflammatory response ( 16 – 18 ). Inflammation is believed to be crucial to perinatal behavioral programming ( 19 , 20 ), and human studies support a link between increased inflammatory factors and neurodevelopmental disorders ( 21 – 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates

et al. 2018

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Nutritional status influences brain health and gestational exposure to metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity and diabetes) increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of maternal Western-style diet (WSD), metabolic state, and inflammatory factors in the programming of Japanese macaque offspring behavior. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we investigated the relationships between maternal diet, prepregnancy adiposity, third trimester insulin response, and plasma cytokine levels on 11-month-old offspring behavior. Maternal WSD was associated with greater reactive and ritualized anxiety in offspring. Maternal adiposity and third trimester macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) exerted opposing effects on offspring high-energy outbursts. Elevated levels of this behavior were associated with low maternal MDC and increased prepregnancy adiposity. This is the first study to show that maternal MDC levels influence offspring behavior. We found no evidence suggesting maternal peripheral inflammatory response mediated the effect of maternal diet and metabolic state on aberrant offspring behavior. Additionally, the extent of maternal metabolic impairment differentially influenced chemokine response. Elevated prepregnancy adiposity suppressed third trimester chemokines, while obesity-induced insulin resistance augmented peripheral chemokine levels. WSD also directly increased maternal interleukin-12. This is the first non-human primate study to delineate the effects of maternal diet and metabolic state on gestational inflammatory environment and subsequent offspring behavior. Our findings give insight to the complex mechanisms by which diet, metabolic state, and inflammation during pregnancy exert unique influences on offspring behavioral regulation.

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“…NTFs related to neuronal development and plasticity are believed to be involved in the clinical manifestation of ADHD ( Banaschewski et al, 2010 ; Galvez-Contreras et al, 2017 ; Tsai, 2017 ). One strong candidate that may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD is BDNF ( Kent et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genes associated with neuronal development and plasticity are considered another important target in the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of ADHD ( Banaschewski et al, 2010 ; Galvez-Contreras et al, 2017 ; Tsai, 2017 ). Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are essential for neural development of the brain and plasticity in adults and are involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD ( Bilgiç et al, 2017 ; Tsai, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in a rat model of ADHD

Jung

Ahn

Pak

et al. 2020

eLife

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Most therapeutic candidates for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have focused on modulating the dopaminergic neurotransmission system with neurotrophic factors. Regulation of this system by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could contribute to the recovery of cognitive symptoms observed in patients with ADHD. Here, male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were subjected to consecutive high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) (20 min, 50 μA, current density 63.7 A/m2, charge density 76.4 kC/m2) over the prefrontal cortex. This treatment alleviated cognitive deficits, with an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and significantly decreased plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT). HD-tDCS application increased the expression of several neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and activated hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results suggest that anodal HD-tDCS over the prefrontal cortex may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction via regulation of DAT and BDNF in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways, and therefore represents a potential adjuvant therapy for ADHD.

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Alterations of Growth Factors in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 42 publications

References 89 publications

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Regression Exhibit a Different Profile in Plasma Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules Compared to Children Without Such Regression

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Regression Exhibit a Different Profile in Plasma Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules Compared to Children Without Such Regression

Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates

Therapeutic effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in a rat model of ADHD

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