Alterations of outer retinal reflectivity in diabetic patients without clinically detectable retinopathy

Zhang, Feng; Du, Zijing; Zhang, Xiayin; Wang, Yaxin; Chen, Yesheng; Wu, Guanrong; Liang, Yingying; Cao, Dan; Zhao, Jun; Fang, Ying; Ma, Jianhua; Yu, Honghua; Hu, Yijun

doi:10.1007/s00417-023-06238-3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Structural OCT allows for quantitative assessment of retinal reflectivity, which holds potential in early diagnosis and prognostication of various retinal diseases, including DR [62,63]. Retinal reflectivity is a measure of the intensity of backscattered light from retinal tissues that can provide insights into structural and compositional changes associated with neurodegenerative processes and vascular impairment in early DR. Zhang et al reported that outer retinal reflectivity was significantly reduced in non-DR diabetic patients when compared with normal controls, especially for the ellipsoid zone (EZ) [64]. Concurrently, other researchers investigated the role of inner retinal reflectivity.…”

Section: Retinal Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Structural and Functional Retinal Imaging and Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

Zhang,

Deng,

Paulus

2024

Biomedicines

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a leading cause of blindness worldwide that requires early detection and intervention. However, diagnosing DR early remains challenging due to the subtle nature of initial pathological changes. This review explores developments in multimodal imaging and functional tests for early DR detection. Where conventional color fundus photography is limited in the field of view and resolution, advanced quantitative analysis of retinal vessel traits such as retinal microvascular caliber, tortuosity, and fractal dimension (FD) can provide additional prognostic value. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has also emerged as a reliable structural imaging tool for assessing retinal and choroidal neurodegenerative changes, which show potential as early DR biomarkers. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables the evaluation of vascular perfusion and the contours of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), providing valuable insights into early retinal and choroidal vascular changes. Functional tests, including multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP), microperimetry, and contrast sensitivity (CS), offer complementary data on early functional deficits in DR. More importantly, combining structural and functional imaging data may facilitate earlier detection of DR and targeted management strategies based on disease progression. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques show promise for automated lesion detection, risk stratification, and biomarker discovery from various imaging data. Additionally, hematological parameters, such as neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), may be useful in predicting DR risk and progression. Although current methods can detect early DR, there is still a need for further research and development of reliable, cost-effective methods for large-scale screening and monitoring of individuals with DM.

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Section: Retinal Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%