Altered cardiorespiratory coupling in young male adults with excessive online gaming

Chang, Jae Seung; Kim, Eun Young; Jung, Dooyoung; Jeong, Seong Hoon; Kim, Yeni; Roh, Meejeon; Ahn, Yong Min; Hahm, Bong‐Jin

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.07.016

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The larger number of available states is a direct consequence of the decreased co-variation among the cardiorespiratory variables, changing more independently from one another. It has been recently used to analyse CRC in several research fields, such as obstructive sleep apnea (Chang et al, 2013), online gaming (Chang et al, 2015), mental stress (Widjaja et al, 2015), or to investigate thought dynamics during an exhausting cycling exercise (Balagué et al, 2014). Nevertheless, entropy has not been used together with the PCA approach to analyse CRC within exercise settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Coordination in Repeated Maximal Exercise

et al. 2017

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Increases in cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) after training with no differences in performance and physiological variables have recently been reported using a principal component analysis approach. However, no research has yet evaluated the short-term effects of exercise on CRC. The aim of this study was to delineate the behavior of CRC under different physiological initial conditions produced by repeated maximal exercises. Fifteen participants performed 2 consecutive graded and maximal cycling tests. Test 1 was performed without any previous exercise, and Test 2 6 min after Test 1. Both tests started at 0 W and the workload was increased by 25 W/min in males and 20 W/min in females, until they were not able to maintain the prescribed cycling frequency of 70 rpm for more than 5 consecutive seconds. A principal component (PC) analysis of selected cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables (expired fraction of O2, expired fraction of CO2, ventilation, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate) was performed to evaluate the CRC defined by the number of PCs in both tests. In order to quantify the degree of coordination, the information entropy was calculated and the eigenvalues of the first PC (PC1) were compared between tests. Although no significant differences were found between the tests with respect to the performed maximal workload (Wmax), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), or ventilatory threshold (VT), an increase in the number of PCs and/or a decrease of eigenvalues of PC1 (t = 2.95; p = 0.01; d = 1.08) was found in Test 2 compared to Test 1. Moreover, entropy was significantly higher (Z = 2.33; p = 0.02; d = 1.43) in the last test. In conclusion, despite the fact that no significant differences were observed in the conventionally explored maximal performance and physiological variables (Wmax, VO2 max, and VT) between tests, a reduction of CRC was observed in Test 2. These results emphasize the interest of CRC evaluation in the assessment and interpretation of cardiorespiratory exercise testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Coordination in Repeated Maximal Exercise

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, a previous study recorded that excessive online gamers experience biological changes in the ECG and respiratory systems, compared to a control group with similar demographic conditions. 17 The findings from this study revealed a conditional subordinate relationship between central inhibitory and autonomic responses, which result in excessive gaming when experiencing pleasurable online stimuli. Additional methods could be conducted spontaneously to provide a more solid background to the findings from present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Several conditions were included as participant screening criteria: 1) a maladaptive preoccupation with both online and offline computer gaming; 2) severe suffering or impairment due to computer gaming; 3) a Young' s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) score of more than 50 points; 16 and 4) more than four hours of computer gaming daily. 17 A psychiatrist interviewed the participants to assess for any Axis I psychiatric disorders that could lead to excessive computer usage, such as mania, hypomania, or a substance-related disorder. The psychiatrist rated the severity of participants' depression using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, to exclude participants with significant depression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Excessive Internet Gaming Behavior and Immersive Tendency, Mediated by Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, in Korean Male University Students

Jung

Shim

Hyeonggyu

et al. 2020

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective Problematic online gaming (POG) and problematic Internet use (PIU) have become a serious public mental health problem, with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) included in “Conditions for further study” section of DSM-5. Although higher immersive tendency is observed in people affected by POG, little is known about the simultaneous effect of immersive tendency and its highly comorbid mental disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the relationship between immersive tendency, ADHD, and IGD.Methods Cross-sectional interview study was conducted in Seoul, Korea with 51 male undergraduate students; 23 active gamers and 28 controls.Results Current ADHD symptoms showed partial mediation effect on the path of immersive tendency on POG and PIU. The mediation model with inattention explained variance in both POG and PIU better than other current ADHD symptom models (R<sup>2</sup>=69.2 in POG; 69.3 in PIU). Childhood ADHD symptoms models demonstrated mediation effect on both POG and PIU which explained less variance than current ADHD symptom models (R<sup>2</sup>=53.7 in POG; 52.1 in PIU). Current ADHD symptoms, especially inattention, appear to mediate the effect of immersive tendency on POG/PIU.Conclusion Immersive tendencies may entail greater susceptibility to IGD, and comorbidity with ADHD may mediate the effect of immersive tendency on IGD.

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“…Some researchers have suggested that individuals with GD are at a heightened risk of dysfunctional emotional regulation, which is characterized by neuroticism, aggression, poor self-control, anxiety, and depression [7][8][9]. Emotional regulation affects the cardiac autonomic function of individuals with GD [10][11][12][13]. Heart rate variability (HRV), which is the variation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats, has been used to investigate the cardiac autonomic function of individuals with GD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended classifier system with continuous real-coded variables for feature extraction of instantaneous pulse-rate variability and respiration of individuals with gaming disorder

Ming

Hsiao

2021

BioMed Eng OnLine

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Background Individuals with gaming disorder (GD) exhibit autonomic nervous system responses that indicate dysfunctional emotion regulation. Pulse rate variability (PRV) is a valuable biomarker for investigating the autonomic function of patients with mental disorders. Because individuals with GD dynamically regulate emotions during gaming, the PRV response relating to GD is not well understood. To investigate the dynamic PRV responses of individuals with GD, this study proposed the indexes of instantaneous PRV (iPRV) and instantaneous respiratory frequency (IFresp) of arterial blood pressure signals using empirical mode decomposition and normalized direct-quadrature algorithms. iPRV consists of low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and very high-frequency (VHF) bands. Moreover, a novel method of extended classifier system with continuous real-coded variables (XCSR) was used to detect GD and extract GD-related iPRV features using iPRV and IFresp as input data. Results A total of 32 college students without depressive and anxiety symptoms or cardiovascular diseases were recruited in this study. Participants were grouped into the high-risk GD and low-risk GD using both Chen Internet Addiction Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire. Their arterial blood pressures signals were measured while they watched gameplay videos with negative or positive emotional stimuli. Seven participants with high-risk GD exhibited significantly increased normalized VHF (nVHF) PRV and IFresp readings and significantly decreased normalized LF (nLF) PRV readings and LF/HF PRV ratios (from baseline) during negative or positive gameplay videos stimuli. These participants also exhibited higher nVHF PRV and lower nLF PRV readings and LF/HF PRV ratios when they experienced negative gameplay video stimuli relative to 17 participants with low-risk GD. The classification accuracy of the XCSR reached 90% for both negative and positive video stimuli, and nVHF PRV was most frequently used to detect GD risk. Conclusions iPRV and IFresp can be used to detect GD and analyze the autonomic mechanism of individuals with GD.

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Altered cardiorespiratory coupling in young male adults with excessive online gaming

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Cardiorespiratory Coordination in Repeated Maximal Exercise

Cardiorespiratory Coordination in Repeated Maximal Exercise

The Association between Excessive Internet Gaming Behavior and Immersive Tendency, Mediated by Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, in Korean Male University Students

Extended classifier system with continuous real-coded variables for feature extraction of instantaneous pulse-rate variability and respiration of individuals with gaming disorder

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