Altered dipsogenic responses and expression of angiotensin receptors in the offspring exposed to prenatal high sucrose

Abstract

The present study determined water and salt intake as well as expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors in the brain and kidney in the adult offspring rats prenatally exposed to high sucrose. Following the exposure during pregnancy, water intake and salt intake at baseline levels were not changed in the adult offspring. However, after 24 hour water deprivation, consumption of water and salt was significantly increased compared to that of the control. Plasma sodium and osmolality levels remained the same between the offspring in the control and the exposed groups, while hematocrit was higher in the offspring exposed to prenatal high sucrose immediately following water deprivation. Density of renal AT1 receptor protein was the same between the control and the exposed group, while AT2 receptor protein in the kidney was significantly increased in the offspring exposed to prenatal high sucrose in association of thicker basal membrane of glomerular. In the forebrain, both AT1 and AT2 receptor levels were significantly increased in the offspring with history of prenatal high sucrose. In addition, water deprivation induced more c-fos expression in the central dipsogenic areas, including the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the offspring exposed to prenatal high sucrose. The results suggested that prenatal high intake of sucrose may affect development of pathways in regulation of dipsogenic behavior in face of dehydration, which was associated with altered expression of AT1 or/and AT2 receptors in the kidney and brain.

Intake of high sucrose during pregnancy altered large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and vessel tone in offspring’s mesenteric arteries

“…Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from the Animal Center of Soochow University were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the control group fed with standard food and tap water and (2) the HS group provided with the same food with 20% sucrose solution since gestational day 1 as reported. 15 After delivery, all maternal rats were provided tap water and standard rat food, and the baby rats were given breast feeding. After weaning, the offspring rats from both groups were given tap water and standard rat food for 5 months.…”

“…8 Growing evidence suggested that prenatal insults, including malnutrition, high salt diet, hypoxia and dehydration during pregnancy, could adversely affect cardiovascular conditions in offspring. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Our previous study has shown that maternal intake of high sucrose (HS) could increase blood glucose in the maternal rats, and affect fetal and offspring's development, 15 evidenced as increased fetal body weight. However, little is known about how maternal HS intake during pregnancy affects vascular functions in the offspring.…”

Developmental programing of thirst and sodium appetite

“…Likewise, high sugar exposure during fetal development can also program fluid intake in adult life. Studies have shown that fetal exposure to a high sucrose solution at the end of pregnancy induced increased expression of the AT 1 and AT 2 receptor proteins in the forebrain in adult animals, although there were no significant differences in water or hypertonic saline intake compared with controls in need-free conditions (Wu et al, 2011).…”

Metabolic and behavioural effects in offspring exposed to maternal sucrose consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from rodent models

“…Although several terms for mice were included in the database search, only rat studies were identified. Eleven of the included papers used Sprague-Dawley rats, 31,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] three used Wistar rats 30,48,49 and one did not report strain type. 29 Sucrose was administered at either 10% w/v [29][30][31]48,49 or 20% w/v 29,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and maternal exposure ranged from 16 to 126 days, including periods during pre-conception, gestation and lactation.…”

“…Eleven of the included papers used Sprague-Dawley rats, 31,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] three used Wistar rats 30,48,49 and one did not report strain type. 29 Sucrose was administered at either 10% w/v [29][30][31]48,49 or 20% w/v 29,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and maternal exposure ranged from 16 to 126 days, including periods during pre-conception, gestation and lactation. The majority 29,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] employed a compulsory drinking paradigm with sucrose solution being the only source of drinkin...…”