Alternating current-bipolar electrochemistry

Eßmann, Vera; Clausmeyer, Jan; Schuhmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2017.01.006

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been increased adaptation of voltammetric techniques to BPEs . Of these, few have explored alternating current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although square wave voltammetry (SWV), which has a gradually varied DC potential, was reported for a 3‐electrode configuration, no such DC bias was applied in the BPE configuration. Eßman and coworkers studied the application of an AC technique to a BPE in a different way; they rotated a graphite rod BPE in an aqueous solution of luminol under a constant electric field applied by stainless steel driving electrodes . The rotation of the long axis of the rod relative to the electric field induced an AC response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This alignment occurred twice per rotation, and therefore, at 100 rpm, the effective frequency was 2

f =

3.2 Hz. Rotation was adopted as an alternative to an AC driving voltage to circumvent the large time constant of the driving electrode solution interface . Similarly, Sojic and coworkers developed a rotating BPE with ECL readout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there has been increased adaptation of voltammetric techniques to BPEs. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Of these, few have explored alternating current. Of note is the Shannon group's use of a square wave potential to drive ferricyanide reduction, and separately for DNA sensing, at the cathode of a Au BPE with an ECL readout at the anode, using Ru(bpy) 3 2 + and sodium oxalate in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eßman and coworkers studied the application of an AC technique to a BPE in a different way; they rotated a graphite rod BPE in an aqueous solution of luminol under a constant electric field applied by stainless steel driving electrodes. [21] The rotation of the long axis of the rod relative to the electric field induced an AC response. This alignment occurred twice per rotation, and therefore, at 100 rpm, the effective frequency was 2f ¼3.2 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternating Current Voltammetry at a Bipolar Electrode with Smartphone Luminescence Imaging for Point‐of‐Need Sensing

2020

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Bipolar electrochemistry allows for facile arraying of tens to thousands of electrochemical sensors that can be controlled by a single pair of driving electrodes. While bipolar electrodes (BPEs) have been applied to many sensing motifs, their sensitivity and specificity are limited by the lack of diversity in voltammetric methods that have been developed for these wireless electrodes. In this study, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from the co‐oxidation of Ru(bpy)32+ and tripropylamine (TPA) is evaluated as a reporting reaction for alternating current voltammetry (ACV) on a BPE at frequencies of 1.0 Hz and 5.0 Hz. We observe sinusoidal alternating luminescence that follows a similar trend to that of the simultaneously monitored current – a plot of the amplitude versus potential approximates a bell‐shaped curve. Notably, the luminescent response to the current is detected with a smartphone, which underscores the portability of this method. The fidelity of the transduced signal is determined both in a traditional 3‐electrode configuration and at a BPE. These experimental results indicate that the alternating luminescence follows the current sufficiently for quantitative sensing but is diminished at higher frequencies and peaks at a shifted potential. These results are significant because they demonstrate the potential for application of ACV at BPE arrays for multiplexed point‐of‐need sensors and provide guidance for the selection of reporting reactions in this context.

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“…In recent years, there has been increased adaptation of voltammetric techniques to BPEs . Of these, few have explored alternating current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This alignment occurred twice per rotation, and therefore, at 100 rpm, the effective frequency was 2

f =

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Alternating Current Voltammetry at a Bipolar Electrode with Smartphone Luminescence Imaging for Point‐of‐Need Sensing

2020

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Bipolar Electrochemistry

Bouffier¹,

Zigah

Šojić

et al. 2021

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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Bipolar electrochemistry is a technique that involves two opposite chemical processes, namely an oxidation and a reduction, occurring simultaneously on the surface of a conducting object, usually without connection to a power supply. The basic phenomenon has already been described and used for many decades but regained a lot of interest in recent years, thanks to several attractive features for developing new applications in various areas ranging from materials science and analytical chemistry to catalysis and even life science. Consequently, bipolar electrochemistry has experienced a substantial growth in the number of users and publications. This is mostly due to several advantages over classic electrochemistry, such as the absence of an ohmic contact, the generation of a directional gradient of electroactivity on the object, and the possibility to address simultaneously thousands of objects, which opens the door for high throughput screening of (electro)chemical properties. Also, some features of this "wireless" electrochemistry allow performing experiments that cannot be achieved with a classic electrochemical setup. Last but not least, only rather low-cost equipment is needed. The objective of the present contribution is to introduce first some fundamental aspects of bipolar electrochemistry, and then to illustrate its different developments, highlighting not only the historic landmark achievements, but also the most recent findings, especially in the context of micro-and nanoscience. The chapter will illustrate the singularities and advantages of this straightforward approach and hopefully convince the reader of the power of this interesting electrochemical concept.

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Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

et al. 2020

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Light‐emitting mobile systems are presented as an important concept for direct visualization and tracking of active objects. Motion or light emission can be achieved by different electrochemical mechanisms. Various devices, that generate light by fluorescence, (electro)chemiluminescence or via light emitting diodes are shown to be an interesting alternative for the detection or release of target molecules, providing straightforward optical imaging. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances with respect to the design and the potential applications of such original systems.

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Alternating current-bipolar electrochemistry

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Alternating Current Voltammetry at a Bipolar Electrode with Smartphone Luminescence Imaging for Point‐of‐Need Sensing

Alternating Current Voltammetry at a Bipolar Electrode with Smartphone Luminescence Imaging for Point‐of‐Need Sensing

Bipolar Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

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