2014
DOI: 10.1007/s40518-014-0005-6
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Alternative and Transitional Energy Sources for Urban Transportation

Abstract: In urban areas, the transportation sector is one of the principal sources of substantial energy consumption and carbon emission. Although diesel and gasoline are still the main energy sources used in urban transportation, alternative and transitional energy sources have been introduced. The alternative and transitional energy sources include electricity (used in hybrid, electric, and fuel-cell vehicles), biofuels, gaseous fuels from other sources (hydrogen, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]), alco… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a popular energy source around the world. Its applications are numerous and cover the demand for domestic energy, trade, agriculture, industry but also transport [1,2,3]. Although it is a fossil fuel, it is classified in the category of clean fuels because of its low environmental impact [4,5,6,7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a popular energy source around the world. Its applications are numerous and cover the demand for domestic energy, trade, agriculture, industry but also transport [1,2,3]. Although it is a fossil fuel, it is classified in the category of clean fuels because of its low environmental impact [4,5,6,7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In future planning, electrification can also be applied not only to private cars but road public transport such as electric buses. Apart from electricity, biofuels, gaseous fuels, alcohols and ethers can be the alternative energy sources to reduce the carbon emission and air pollution than the traditional sources of diesel and petroleum (Li & Loo, 2014). Second, enhancing fuel efficiency (measured in terms of fuel used per kilometer driven) is also necessary to maximize the efficacy of energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.…”
Section: Vehicle Transformationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A large number of research projects on the individual technologies and innovations have been carried out and published. An example from the vast body of literature on this topic is [3][4][5][6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%