Alternative ESC and ESC-Like Subunits of a Polycomb Group Histone Methyltransferase Complex Are Differentially Deployed during <i>Drosophila</i> Development

Wang, Liangjun; Jahren, Neal; Vargas, Marcus L.; Andersen, Erica; Benes, Judith; Zhang, Junyu; Miller, E. L.; Jones, Richard S.; Simon, John

doi:10.1128/mcb.26.7.2637-2647.2006

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Like CAF1, ESCL is not interconnected with any other Polycomb proteins in the network. Although ESCL can be assembled in vitro in functional PRC2 complexes (Wang et al, 2006), this result would support that in vivo ESCL is not a usual subunit of PRC2 when ESC is present (Kurzhals et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Thereafter, the H3K27me3 hallmark deposited by Pcl-PRC2 would trigger the recruitment of PRC1 by means of the chromodomain of PC. Nevertheless, PHO interacts not only with subunits of the PRC2 complex (Wang et al, 2006) but also with subunits of the PRC1 complex (Mohd-Sarip et al, 2002), which could also contribute to anchor PRC1 at PRE. In addition, it has been proposed that the recruitment of PcG complexes to chromatin might require additional not yet identified proteins (Wang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the Polycomb repressive complexes in Drosophila

et al. 2015

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JM Calvo-Martín, P Librado, M Aguadé, M Papaceit and C Segarra Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins that modulate the chromatin state through posttranslational histone modifications. These interacting proteins form multimeric complexes that repress gene expression. Thus, PcG proteins are expected to evolve coordinately, which might be reflected in their phylogenetic trees by concordant episodes of positive selection and by a correlation in evolutionary rates. In order to detect these signals of coevolution, the molecular evolution of 17 genes encoding the subunits of five Polycomb repressive complexes has been analyzed in the Drosophila genus. The observed distribution of divergence differs substantially among and along proteins. Indeed, CAF1 is uniformly conserved, whereas only the established protein domains are conserved in other proteins, such as PHO, PHOL, PSC, PH-P and ASX. Moreover, regions with a low divergence not yet described as protein domains are present, for instance, in SFMBT and SU(Z)12. Maximum likelihood methods indicate an acceleration in the nonsynonymous substitution rate at the lineage ancestral to the obscura group species in most genes encoding subunits of the Pcl-PRC2 complex and in genes Sfmbt, Psc and Kdm2. These methods also allow inferring the action of positive selection in this lineage at genes E(z) and Sfmbt. Finally, the protein interaction network predicted from the complete proteomes of 12 Drosophila species using a coevolutionary approach shows two tight PcG clusters. These clusters include well-established binary interactions among PcG proteins as well as new putative interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the Polycomb repressive complexes in Drosophila

et al. 2015

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“…Similarly, the sxc gene at 41C on the right arm of chromosome 2 (Ingham 1984) is located between the centromere and the FRT cassette in 42D, and this precluded the isolation of sxc mutants because no mutant clones could be generated. In the case of the gene pairs esc and esc-like, ph-p and ph-d, Psc and Su(z)2, or pho-like and pho, we did not expect to isolate mutations because the two proteins of each of these gene pairs function in a redundant manner in imaginal discs (Dura et al 1987;Beuchle et al 2001;Brown et al 2003;Wang et al 2006). Given that Psc null mutant clones show no misexpression of Ubx , it was therefore surprising that three class II mutants turned out to be alleles of Psc (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are the gene pairs polyhomeoticproximal (ph-p) and polyhomeotic-distal (ph-d), Psc and Suppressor of zeste 2 [Su(z)2], pho and pho-like (phol), esc and esc-like (escl). In the case of esc, ph-p, ph-d, or phol, single mutants are even viable and they show only very mild or no misexpression of HOX genes but, importantly, in double mutant animals that lack the function of both gene pair members, the PcG phenotype is usually much more severe than in either single mutant (Dura et al 1987;Brown et al 2003;Wang et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Genetic Screen Identifies Novel Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila

et al. 2007

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Polycomb group (PcG) genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcriptional repressors that are required for the long-term silencing of particular developmental control genes in animals and plants. PcG genes were first identified in Drosophila as regulators that keep HOX genes inactive in cells where these genes must remain silent during development. Here, we report the results of a genetic screen aimed at isolating novel PcG mutants in Drosophila. In an EMS mutagenesis, we isolated 82 mutants that show Polycomb-like phenotypes in clones in the adult epidermis and misexpression of the HOX gene Ubx in clones in the imaginal wing disc. Analysis of these mutants revealed that we isolated multiple new alleles in most of the already-known PcG genes. In addition, we isolated multiple mutant alleles in each of ten different genes that previously had not been known to function in PcG repression. We show that the newly identified PcG gene calypso is required for the long-term repression of multiple HOX genes in embryos and larvae. In addition, our studies reveal that the Kto/Med12 and Skd/Med13 subunits of the Med12ÁMed13ÁCdk8ÁCycC repressor subcomplex of Mediator are needed for repression of the HOX gene Ubx. The results of the mutant screen reported here suggest that the majority of nonredundant Drosophila genes with strong classic PcG phenotypes have been identified.

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“…Both in plants and animals, the complex consists of four core members, which together are sufficient to generate the H3K27me3 mark, associated with repressive chromatin, in vitro [1]. The Drosophila PRC2 complex contains the core subunits Drosophila, where Esc and Esc-like share this function [2], the Esc homolog…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic regulation of Polycomb group activity during plant development

Bemer

Grossniklaus

2012

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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Polycomb group (PcG) complexes play important roles in phase transitions and cell fate determination in plants and animals, by epigenetically repressing sets of genes that promote either proliferation or differentiation. The continuous differentiation of new organs in plants, such as leaves or flowers, requires a highly dynamic PcG function, which can be induced, modulated, or repressed when necessary. In this review, we discuss the recent advance in understanding PcG function in plants and focus on the diverse molecular mechanisms that have been described to regulate and counteract PcG activity in Arabidopsis.

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Alternative ESC and ESC-Like Subunits of a Polycomb Group Histone Methyltransferase Complex Are Differentially Deployed during Drosophila Development

Abstract: The Extra sex combs (ESC) protein is a Polycomb group (PcG

Cited by 36 publications

References 62 publications

Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the Polycomb repressive complexes in Drosophila

Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the Polycomb repressive complexes in Drosophila

A Genetic Screen Identifies Novel Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila

Dynamic regulation of Polycomb group activity during plant development

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