Alternative Green Extraction Phases Applied to Microextraction Techniques for Organic Compound Determination

Carasek, Eduardo; Bernardi, Gabrieli; Carmo, Sângela Nascimento do; Vieira, Camila M.S.

doi:10.3390/separations6030035

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The typical solvents for conventional solid–liquid extraction of polyphenols are ethanol, glycerol, methanol, ethylene glycol, acetone, etc. , and their aqueous solutions. Some drawbacks of conventional solvent extraction are low yields, the large volume of solvent needed, is a slow process, and sometimes effective solvents are not environment-friendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some drawbacks of conventional solvent extraction are low yields, the large volume of solvent needed, is a slow process, and sometimes effective solvents are not environment-friendly. Thus, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been tested as an attractive alternative to organic solvents, mainly because of their biodegradability, low cost, and their well-known capacity for extracting phenolic compounds. − DESs are composed of a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), usually choline chloride, and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), such as glycols, glycerol, organic acids, and other compounds. The idea is to prepare a HBA/HBD combination composed of natural and nonharmful compounds for extracting polyphenols since these extracts are typically used as additives in foods or pharmaceutical products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement and PC-SAFT Modeling of the Solubility of Gallic Acid in Aqueous Mixtures of Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deep eutectic solvents have appeared as potential solvents for improving the extraction of polyphenols from vegetable or fruit matrixes. Since gallic acid is abundant in these sources, it is considered as a typical standard for quantifying their total polyphenol content after extraction with solvents. However, there are no extensive studies on the solubility behavior of gallic acid in different solvents or deep eutectic solvents. Thus, in this work, the solubility of gallic acid is measured in pure water; aqueous solutions of different hydrogen bond donors such as ethylene glycol, levulinic acid, and glycerol; and aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents using choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and ethylene glycol, levulinic acid, and glycerol as the hydrogen bond donors. All of the measurements were performed at 293.15, 303.15, and 313.15 K and at 101.3 kPa and were validated by comparing the solubility of gallic acid in water from the literature. Results suggest that a 50 wt % aqueous solution of deep eutectic solvent based on ethylene glycol or glycerol improves the gallic acid solubility compared with a 50 wt % aqueous solution of its corresponding hydrogen bond donor. The deep eutectic solvent containing levulinic acid acts as the best aqueous mixture for gallic acid dissolution. Nondissolved gallic acid was measured after equilibrium using powder X-ray diffraction, showing that its structure does not change upon mixing with all of the liquid mixtures. All of the solid–liquid equilibrium results were accurately modeled with perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and PC-SAFT Modeling of the Solubility of Gallic Acid in Aqueous Mixtures of Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To avoid having a harmful impact on the environment, they should adhere to the green analytical chemistry principles [ 18 , 19 ]. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to the employment of hazardous organic solvents [ 20 , 21 ]. DES are eutectic mixtures of two or more compounds that, because of interactions (i.e., hydrogen bonds and van der Walls forces) [ 22 , 23 ] between their components, create a liquid eutectic mixture at temperatures lower than the melting points of the constituent compounds [ 24 ], being most of them non-toxic and eco-friendly extraction solvents [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction for mercury speciation in water samples

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-based analytical method for mercury speciation in water samples is presented. A NADES (i.e., decanoic acid:DL-menthol in a molar ratio of 1:2) is used as an environmentally friendly extractant for separation and preconcentration using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction before LC-UV–Vis. Under optimal extraction conditions (i.e., NADES volume, 50 µL; sample pH, 12; volume of the complexing agent, 100 µL; extraction time, 3 min; centrifugation speed, 3000 rpm; and centrifugation time, 3 min), the limit of detection values were 0.9 µg L−1 for the organomercurial species and 3 µg L−1 for Hg2+, which had a slightly higher value. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) has been evaluated at two concentration levels (25 and 50 µg L−1) obtaining values for all the mercury complexes within the range of 6–12% and 8–12%, respectively. The trueness of the methodology has been evaluated using five real water samples from four different sources (i.e., tap, river, lake, and wastewater). The recovery tests have been performed in triplicate obtaining relative recoveries between 75 and 118%, with RSD (n = 3) between 1 and 19%, for all the mercury complexes in surface water samples. However, wastewater sample showed a significant matrix effect (recoveries ranged between 45 and 110%), probably due to the high amount of organic matter. Finally, the greenness of the method has also been evaluated by the analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (i.e., AGREEprep). Graphical Abstract

show abstract

“…Classical sample preparation methods such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are time-consuming and use large volumes of expensive solvents. Microextraction techniques such as those based on liquid-phase microextraction are suitable alternatives to classic methods with satisfactory extraction yields [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Methadone and Tramadol in Vitreous Humor Specimens Using Dispersive LiquidLiquidMicroextractionandUltraHighPerformance Liquid Chromatography

Akhgari

Sani

Mousavi

2021

IJMTFM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Drug abuse is spreading rapidly all over the world. Methadone and tramadol are among not only the most abused opioids but also important from the forensic point of view. Therefore, we need to devise a simple and sensitive method for the sample preparation and identification of abused drugs in postmortem specimens. Methods: A simple and rapid Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) was developed for the extraction and analysis of methadone and tramadol from postmortem vitreous humor samples. Different parameters affecting the extraction recovery, such as the type and volume of extraction and dispersion solvents, pH value, sensitivity, and specificity, were optimized and studied. Results: Under optimized conditions, the recovery ranges were 82.3%-89.6% and 85.4%-87.1% for methadone and tramadol, respectively. The linear range was 25-100 ng/mL for both methadone and tramadol with a correlation coefficient (R2) of more than 0.98. Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantification (LoQ) were 3 and 8 ng/mL for methadone and 6 and 16 ng/mL for tramadol. The accuracy level of the methods for methadone and tramadol detection were 99.4%-100% and 99.7%-99.9%, respectively. The method was specific enough for the qualitative and quantitative determination of methadone and tramadol. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that DLLME combined with UHPLC is a fast and straightforward method for determining methadone and tramadol in postmortem vitreous humor specimens.

show abstract

Alternative Green Extraction Phases Applied to Microextraction Techniques for Organic Compound Determination

Cited by 25 publications

References 93 publications

Measurement and PC-SAFT Modeling of the Solubility of Gallic Acid in Aqueous Mixtures of Deep Eutectic Solvents

Measurement and PC-SAFT Modeling of the Solubility of Gallic Acid in Aqueous Mixtures of Deep Eutectic Solvents

Natural deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction for mercury speciation in water samples

Determination of Methadone and Tramadol in Vitreous Humor Specimens Using Dispersive LiquidLiquidMicroextractionandUltraHighPerformance Liquid Chromatography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About