Alternative Medicine in Diabetes - Role of Angiogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Chronic Inflammation

Abstract

■ AbstractDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with diabetes are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease and impaired wound healing. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to accelerate atherosclerotic processes, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. Herbal medicines and naturally occurring substances may positively affect diabetes management, and could thus be utilized as costeffective means of supporting treatment in developing countries. Natural treatments have been used in these countries for a long time to treat diabetes. The present review analyses the features of aberrant angiogenesis, abnormalities in growth factors, oxidative stress, and metabolic derangements relevant to diabetes, and how herbal substances and their active chemical constituents may counteract these events. Evidence for possible biochemical effectiveness and limitations of herbal medicines are given, as well as details regarding the role of cytokines and nitric oxide.

Anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypoxic and anti-inflammatory conditions induced by PTY-2 against STZ-induced stress in islets

“…HIF-1α is also a transcriptional activator of VEGF (69). VEGF, a pro-angiogenic growth factor, helps in the vascularization of the pancreatic islets (31,70). But overexpression of VEGF is fatal, as stated earlier.…”

<p>DIBc, a nanochelating-based nano metal-organic framework, shows anti-diabetic effects in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats</p>

“…35 Also, studies show that, in people with diabetes, the level of inflammatory cytokines increases 36 and a direct link has been found between chronic inflammation and diabetes. 37 TNF-α was the first cytokine whose direct impact on the development of diabetes was detected. 38 In the present study, DIBc in all doses decreased TNF-α and in high dose, reduced MDA level.…”

Anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypoxic and anti-inflammatory conditions induced by PTY-2 against STZ-induced stress in islets

“…HIF-1α is also a transcriptional activator of VEGF [69]. VEGF, a pro-angiogenic growth factor, helps in the vascularization of the pancreatic islets [31,70]. Currently, anti-VEGF therapy is approved for use in diabetic retinopathy [71].…”

“…Additionally, the effect of GLP-1 and DPP-IV inhibition are being evaluated in diabetic ulcers and for cardiovascular protective role [69,72]. Oxidative stress, measured by the presence of ROS, is also a promoter of angiogenesis [70].…”