Alternative method of composting on a reclaimed municipal waste landfill in accordance with the circular economy: Benefits and risks

Vaverková, Magdalena Daria; Adamcová, Dana; Winkler, Jan; Koda, Eugeniusz; Petrželová, Lenka; Maxianová, Alžběta

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137971

Cited by 57 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It is expected that in the coming years, waste management in Poland will continue to change [47,48]. The main factors in this area are regulatory trends in the EU, promoting the CE model and the EGD [1].…”

Section: Polish Raw Materials Recovery Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers and Barriers for a Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Poland—A Case Study of Raw Materials Recovery Sector

2021

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Mobilizing industry and transforming industrial sectors to a circular economy (CE) is one of the key areas of activities in the European Green Deal (EGD)—the newest strategy of economic growth in European Union (EU). In the CE, the raw materials that can be recovered from various waste streams play a key role, therefore, recommendations for their management were developed, both at the European and national level. In Poland, the raw material recovery sector is one of the strategic sectors (key industries) described in several documents determining the further directions of economic growth in the country. This paper presents the revision of these documents and guidelines for the implementation of the CE in the raw material recovery sector. The scope of the paper also includes a description of the current state of the raw materials recovery sector and its return, supported by the analysis of drivers and barriers in its further development. In previous years, a dynamic development of the recovery industry was observed, followed by formation of new companies (dominated by medium-sized companies comprising ~50% of entities in the sector) and increasing amount of people employed (~70,700 people). A growing level of processing of secondary raw materials with the use of more and more innovative technologies has been observed, which could contribute to the improvement of the level of innovation of the national economy. There also some barriers, such as the lack of sufficiently developed industrial symbiosis (IS) and long-term support for the implementation of recovery technologies. The growing ecological awareness of society and enterprises themselves, as well as the growing belief in the importance of resource recovery for environmental protection, suggest the possibility of subsequent development of the raw materials recovery sector. Further actions in this field will be taken to strengthen the implementation of the CE in the country.

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Section: Polish Raw Materials Recovery Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers and Barriers for a Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Poland—A Case Study of Raw Materials Recovery Sector

2021

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“…This LCA publication was cited with respect to the site selection for landfills [153,154] and in a study which yielded the controversial statement that "recycling metals except gold had more negative environmental impacts than mining" [155]. Further citing studies deal with environmental impacts of combustion-based energy production [156], composting on closed landfill sites [157], bioreactor landfills [158], suppression of methane generation [159], modelling of landfill gas production [160], organic waste enrichment [161]. Within NEW-MINE, LCA was also applied to compare smelting of MSWI bottom ash with the state-of-the-art mineral process-ing approach and revealed that the energy demand for smelting processes overrules, with respect to global warming, the positive effect of secondary raw material production [162].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

2021

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The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.

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“…However, peat is a nonrenewable natural resource that requires a long period for humification and the coating of a landfill generally consumes large quantities of materials to meet the technical requirements and capacity of immobilizing contaminants. In this respect, some studies have been conducted to analyze the characteristics of possible alternatives, such as composts resulting from composting [45], thus following the principles of a circular economy and contributing to completing the waste management cycle [46]. At the global level, OFMSW corresponds to the largest portion of municipal solid waste (MSW) (46%) [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption Efficiency of Potentially Toxic Elements onto Low-Cost Materials: Peat and Compost

et al. 2021

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Anthropogenic activities can lead to elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil and water. Thus, the search for low-cost, ecofriendly and innovative sorbents is a global necessity. The present investigation addresses the performance of peat and compost derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) as a sorbent of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The physicochemical features and effects of the initial concentration (equilibrium) and contact time (kinetic) were systematically analyzed by batch experiments. In addition, human bioaccessibility tests were conducted to compare the human health risk of these PTEs postsorption. The results showed that the sorption capacities followed the order: compost(Pb) > peat(Pb) > compost(Cd) > compost(Zn) > peat(Cd) > peat(Zn), indicating that compost had a better sorption potential. Kinetic data were well-fitted to the pseudo-first-order (PSO), pseudo-second-order (PFO), and Elovich equation models. The external diffusion model proposed by Mathews and Weber (M&W) indicated the contribution of diffusion as a sorption mechanism, mainly in the sorption of Zn, Pb and Cd onto compost and Pb onto peat. The bioaccessible fractions in the first stage (stomach conditions) were greater than those in the second phase (intestinal simulation). Pb has higher sorption capacities (10.511 and 7.778 mg g−1 for compost and peat, respectively) and lowers fraction bioaccessible (35 to 70%). These findings demonstrate that utilizing these low-cost sorbents seems promising for the remediation of PTE soils and contaminated waters. However, more experiments should be conducted, including desorption and multielement solutions, as well as field-tests to prove the long-term effects of application in large-scale and real conditions.

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Alternative method of composting on a reclaimed municipal waste landfill in accordance with the circular economy: Benefits and risks

Cited by 57 publications

References 54 publications

Drivers and Barriers for a Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Poland—A Case Study of Raw Materials Recovery Sector

Drivers and Barriers for a Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Poland—A Case Study of Raw Materials Recovery Sector

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

Sorption Efficiency of Potentially Toxic Elements onto Low-Cost Materials: Peat and Compost

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