Alternative promoter usage by aldolase A during in vitro myogenesis

Colbert, Melissa C.; Ciejek-Baez, Elena

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(88)90444-7

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Alternative promoters are a frequent feature of eukaryotic genes (24) and represent a mechanism to generate protein isoform diversity and to regulate their differential expression tightly (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). In the case of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene, for example, two distinct promoters are responsible for the generation of two isoforms, which differ at their N terminus and differentially are expressed (ubiquitously and in erythroid cells, respectively) (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The p66Shc Longevity Gene Is Silenced through Epigenetic Modifications of an Alternative Promoter

Ventura

Luzi

Pacini

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

154

147

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The mammal Shc locus encodes three overlapping isoforms (46, 52, and 66 kDa) that differ in the length of their N-terminal regions. p46/p52Shc and p66Shc have been implicated, respectively, in the cytoplasmic propagation of growth and apoptogenic signals. Levels of p66Shc expression correlate with life span duration in mice. p46Shc and p52Shc are ubiquitously expressed, whereas p66Shc is expressed in a cell lineage-specific fashion. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Shc protein expression are unknown. Here we report the identification of two alternative promoters, driving the transcription of two mRNAs coding for p46/ p52Shc and p66Shc. We show that treatment with an inhibitor of histone deacetylases or with a demethylating agent results in induction of p66Shc expression in cells that normally do not express this isoform but leaves the levels of the two other isoforms unchanged. Moreover, analysis of the methylation pattern of the p66Shc promoter in a panel of primary and immortalized human cells showed inverse correlation between p66Shc expression and methylation density of its promoter. These results identify histone deacetylation and cytosine methylation as the mechanisms underlying p66Shc silencing in nonexpressing cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The p66Shc Longevity Gene Is Silenced through Epigenetic Modifications of an Alternative Promoter

Ventura

Luzi

Pacini

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

154

147

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“…In rabbit, a qualitative modification in the pattern of aldolase A transcripts was also observed (11). Through the use of alternative promoters, aldolase A gene gives rise to multiple transcripts of different sizes (alternative first exons have different lengths) (12,16,19,38). The changes observed by Williams et al (11), before the identification of the different promoters, probably reflected a decline in M-mRNAs, the remaining transcripts corresponding to longer mRNAs controlled by the other ubiquitous promoter.…”

Section: Denervation Of Adult Transgenic Mice Induces An Early Shut-dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aldolase A expression is achieved through the use of alternative promoters that have distinct tissue and developmental specificities (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The muscle-specific promoter, pM, is highly activated during postnatal muscle maturation, and in adults, pM-derived transcripts accumulate in fast twitch glycolytic muscles and to a much lower level in slow twitch muscles (14,18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal Sequences of the Aldolase A Fast Muscle-specific Promoter Direct Nerve- and Activity-dependent Expression in Transgenic Mice

Spitz¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Châtelet³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Muscle activity is known to modulate the muscle fiber phenotype. Changes in muscle activity (normal or experimentally induced) lead to modifications of the expression status of several muscle-specific genes. However, the transcription regulatory elements involved in the adaptative response are mainly unknown. The aldolase A muscle-specific promoter, pM, is expressed in adult fast twitch muscle with a preferential expression in fast glycolytic-2B fibers. Its activity is induced during postnatal muscle maturation, suggesting a role of nerve and/or muscle activity. Indeed, denervation of gastrocnemius in newborn mice prevented the activation of the promoter in this muscle, despite the nerve-independent formation of 2B fibers. Although the nerve was necessary for pM onset during development, denervating the gastrocnemius in adults had only mild effects on pM activity. By contrast, a transgene including the pM proximal regulatory sequences that are sufficient to reproduce the 2B fiber-specific expression of the endogenous promoter was shown to be highly sensitive to both neonatal and adult denervation. Transgenes containing muscle-specific pM proximal promoter elements were used to delineate the regulatory elements involved in this response to innervation and changes in the contractile activity pattern. Nerve-and activity-dependent elements could be localized in the 130-base pair-long proximal promoter region of the human aldolase A gene.

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“…In early fetal stages aldolase A mRNA was almost exclusively of the AH-type. The expression of M-type mRNA was drastically induced immediately before birth, continued to increase after birth with concomitant decrease of AH-type mRNA, and finally became a sole mRNA species of aldolase A in skeletal muscle of adult rat (unpublished results and [6]). …”

Section: Activation Of the Expression Of The M-type Aldolasementioning

confidence: 83%

“…M-type mRNA is expressed exclusively and highly abundantly in adult skeletal muscle [4,5]. This expression was found to be induced during myotube formation from myoblasts of established cell lines of rat and mice (unpublished results and [6]). On the other hand, AH-type mRNAs are widely expressed to produce aldolase A in many tissues such as brain, spleen, and heart, and in cancer cells [4,5].…”

Section: 2]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of upstream regulatory regions required for the activities of two promoters of the rat aldolase A gene

et al. 1991

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Rat aldolase A gene has 2 promoters with different tissue specificities (M-and AH promoters). The M promoter is active only in adult skeletal muscle and induced during myogenesis, whereas the AH promoter is active ubiquitously in many tissues, including various cancer cells. Regulatory sequences for these promoters were investigated through assays for transient expression after introduction into myogenic and nonmyogenic cells. When M promoter-CAT fusion genes were transfected into primary cultures of chicken myoblasts, expression of CAT activity was drastically induce d during myotube formation. The region comprising 202 to 85 base pairs (bp) upstream from the transcription initiation site was found to be necessary for the induction and an enhancer activity whose region includes the AT-rich recognition sequence (MEF-2 binding site). On the other hand. 2 upstream regions were found to be responsible for AH promoter activity expressed in HepG2 cells. The distal region (-280 to -260) of the promoter includes the API binding sequence, whereas the proximal region (-207 to -180) contains a novel inverted repeat consisting of 22 bp but does not contain known promoter and enhancer sequences.

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Alternative promoter usage by aldolase A during in vitro myogenesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The p66Shc Longevity Gene Is Silenced through Epigenetic Modifications of an Alternative Promoter

The p66Shc Longevity Gene Is Silenced through Epigenetic Modifications of an Alternative Promoter

Proximal Sequences of the Aldolase A Fast Muscle-specific Promoter Direct Nerve- and Activity-dependent Expression in Transgenic Mice

Analysis of upstream regulatory regions required for the activities of two promoters of the rat aldolase A gene

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