Alternative Respiratory Pathway Component Genes (AOX and ND) in Rice and Barley and Their Response to Stress

Wanniarachchi, Vajira R; Dametto, Lettee; Sweetman, Crystal; Shavrukov, Yuri; Day, David A.; Jenkins, Colin L. D.; Soole, Kathleen L.

doi:10.3390/ijms19030915

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…cDNA of AOX was cloned from highland barley using the candidate gene approach [55]. Comparison with the nucleotide sequences to barley AOXs confirmed that the highland barley AOXs sequences were AOX1 genes.…”

Section: Expression Patterns Of Aox Genes In Highland Barleymentioning

confidence: 88%

Alternative Pathway is Involved in Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Barley Roots

Wang

Feng

et al. 2019

Plants

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Alternative pathway (AP) has been widely accepted to be involved in enhancing tolerance to various environmental stresses. In this study, the role of AP in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in two barley varieties, highland barley (Kunlun14) and barley (Ganpi6), was investigated. Results showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) level under Cd stress increased in two barley varieties. The expressions of alternative oxidase (AOX) genes (mainly AOX1a), AP capacity (Valt), and AOX protein amount were clearly induced more in Kunlun14 under Cd stress, and these parameters were further enhanced by applying sodium nitroprussid (SNP, a NO donor). Moreover, H2O2 and O2− contents were raised in the Cd-treated roots of two barley varieties, but they were markedly relieved by exogenous SNP. However, this mitigating effect was aggravated by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an AOX inhibitor), suggesting that AP contributes to NO-enhanced Cd stress tolerance. Further study demonstrated that the effect of SHAM application on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related scavenging enzymes and antioxidants was minimal. These observations showed that AP exerts an indispensable function in NO-enhanced Cd stress tolerance in two barley varieties. AP was mainly responsible for regulating the ROS accumulation to maintain the homeostasis of redox state.

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Section: Expression Patterns Of Aox Genes In Highland Barleymentioning

confidence: 88%

Alternative Pathway is Involved in Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Barley Roots

Wang

Feng

et al. 2019

Plants

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“…Phylogenetic analysis has shown the barley AOX ( HvAOX ) family is closely related to the larger AOX gene family in wheat [ 12 ] and, thus, exploring the barley family in order to better understand wheat is a viable endeavor. Similar work has also shown that the rice AOX family ( OsAOX ) contains the AOX1e clade present in wheat, but absent in barley [ 12 , 14 ]. The AOX gene structures, as well as expression patterns have been elucidated in the most recent work in both barley and rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…While it has been previously shown that HvAOX and OsAOX expression is responsive to stresses and hormones [ 13 , 14 ], their expression levels could also be induced by other factors. There are several positive and negative AOX regulators known to affect expression in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana .…”

Section: Alternative Oxidase ( Aox ) Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the genes implicated in stress tolerance in multiple organisms is alternative oxidase (AOX) [ 10 , 11 ]. This gene family is responsive to stress in hexaploid wheat ([ 12 ] and references therein) as well as in barley and rice [ 13 , 14 ]. Phylogenetic analysis has shown the barley AOX ( HvAOX ) family is closely related to the larger AOX gene family in wheat [ 12 ] and, thus, exploring the barley family in order to better understand wheat is a viable endeavor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AOX gene structures, as well as expression patterns have been elucidated in the most recent work in both barley and rice. The protein sequences and the implications for structure and function are also discussed [ 14 ]. The current study aims to provide a different perspective on the known gene and isoform sequences in barley, rice, and wheat, which provides new avenues for the future developmental and functional characterization of the AOX gene and protein families in cereals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations of AOX Functionality Revealed by Critical Motifs and Unique Domains

Brew-Appiah

Sanguinet

2018

IJMS

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An understanding of the genes and mechanisms regulating environmental stress in crops is critical for boosting agricultural yield and safeguarding food security. Under adverse conditions, response pathways are activated for tolerance or resistance. In multiple species, the alternative oxidase (AOX) genes encode proteins which help in this process. Recently, this gene family has been extensively investigated in the vital crop plants, wheat, barley and rice. Cumulatively, these three species and/or their wild ancestors contain the genes for AOX1a, AOX1c, AOX1e, and AOX1d, and common patterns in the protein isoforms have been documented. Here, we add more information on these trends by emphasizing motifs that could affect expression, and by utilizing the most recent discoveries from the AOX isoform in Trypanosoma brucei to highlight clade-dependent biases. The new perspectives may have implications on how the AOX gene family has evolved and functions in monocots. The common or divergent amino acid substitutions between these grasses and the parasite are noted, and the potential effects of these changes are discussed. There is the hope that the insights gained will inform the way future AOX research is performed in monocots, in order to optimize crop production for food, feed, and fuel.

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Photorespiration is complemented by cyclic electron flow and the alternative oxidase pathway to optimize photosynthesis and protect against abiotic stress

et al. 2018

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Optimization of photosynthetic performance and protection against abiotic stress are essential to sustain plant growth. Photorespiratory metabolism can help plants to adapt to abiotic stress. The beneficial role of photorespiration under abiotic stress is further strengthened by cyclic electron flow (CEF) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. We have attempted to critically assess the literature on the responses of these three phenomena-photorespiration, CEF and AOX, to different stress situations. We emphasize that photorespiration is the key player to protect photosynthesis and upregulates CEF as well as AOX. Then these three processes work in coordination to protect the plants against photoinhibition and maintain an optimal redox state in the cell, while providing ATP for metabolism and protein repair. HO generated during photorespiratory metabolism seems to be an important signal to upregulate CEF or AOX. Further experiments are necessary to identify the signals originating from CEF or AOX to modulate photorespiration. The mutants deficient in CEF or AOX or both could be useful in this regard. The mutual interactions between CEF and AOX, so as to keep their complementarity, are also to be examined further.

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Alternative Respiratory Pathway Component Genes (AOX and ND) in Rice and Barley and Their Response to Stress

Cited by 39 publications

References 71 publications

Alternative Pathway is Involved in Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Barley Roots

Alternative Pathway is Involved in Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Barley Roots

Considerations of AOX Functionality Revealed by Critical Motifs and Unique Domains

Photorespiration is complemented by cyclic electron flow and the alternative oxidase pathway to optimize photosynthesis and protect against abiotic stress

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