Altitudinal variability in anthraquinone constituents from novel cytotypes of Rumex nepalensis Spreng—a high value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas

Farooq, Umer; Pandith, Shahzad A.; Saggoo, Manjit Inder Singh; Lattoo, Surrinder K.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.044

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…9; Supplemental Table S2). Like many plant natural products, the shift of quercetin toward its glycosylated form rutin may be aimed at increasing their solubility and stability for their easy storage and accumulation in plant cells (Farooq et al, 2013).…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Rechs Genes and Flavonoid Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

et al. 2016

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Plants effectively defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses by synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, including health-protective flavonoids. These display incredible chemical diversity and ubiquitous occurrence and confer impeccable biological and agricultural applications. Chalcone synthase (CHS), a type III plant polyketide synthase, is critical for flavonoid biosynthesis. It catalyzes acyl-coenzyme A thioesters to synthesize naringenin chalcone through a polyketidic intermediate. The functional divergence among the evolutionarily generated members of a gene family is pivotal in driving the chemical diversity. Against this backdrop, this study was aimed to functionally characterize members of the CHS gene family from Rheum emodi, an endangered and endemic high-altitude medicinal herb of northwestern Himalayas. Two full-length cDNAs (1,179 bp each), ReCHS1 and ReCHS2, encoding unique paralogs were isolated and characterized. Heterologous expression and purification in Escherichia coli, bottom-up proteomic characterization, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and enzyme kinetic studies using five different substrates confirmed their catalytic potential. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of higher synonymous mutations in the intronless divergents of ReCHS. ReCHS2 displayed significant enzymatic efficiency (V max /K m ) with different substrates. There were significant spatial and altitudinal variations in messenger RNA transcript levels of ReCHSs correlating positively with metabolite accumulation. Furthermore, the elicitations in the form of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, ultraviolet B light, and wounding, chosen on the basis of identified cis-regulatory promoter elements, presented considerable differences in the transcript profiles of ReCHSs. Taken together, our results demonstrate differential propensities of CHS paralogs in terms of the accumulation of flavonoids and their relative substrate selectivities.Plants, as ground-anchored sessile creatures, invest significant amounts of energy in the production of secondary metabolites to combat environmental pressures. These metabolites often are produced through complex and highly regulated biosynthetic pathways under the influence of different enzymatic machineries. One of the important classes of secondary metabolites is phenylpropanoids. These represent a significant proportion of secondary metabolites, encompassing nearly 20% of total carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Flavonoids exhibit remarkable chemical diversity and ubiquitous occurrence and play an important role in many aspects of plant development, like flower coloration, photoprotection, pollen development, cell wall growth, and response to stress conditions like UV light protection, herbivory, wounding, interaction with soil microbes, and defense against pathogens (Yu and Jez, 2008;Pandey et al., 2015). Apart from performing numerous imperative roles in plants, flavonoids also have been reported as poten...

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Section: Expression Pattern Of Rechs Genes and Flavonoid Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

et al. 2016

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“…The frequently occurring key bioactive constituents from R. australe are reportedly known for various biological activities including antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoenhancing, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective . They are also used in the treatment of bleeding, tumor, inflammation, pain, constipation, tinea, gastric ulcers, dysmenorrhea, Parkinson's disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Farooq et al 2013;Mishra 2016;Rehman et al 2015). The biological activities of major AQs and flavonoids, as also reported in R. australe, are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Rheum Australementioning

confidence: 99%

Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

et al. 2018

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Rheum australe (Himalayan Rhubarb) is a multipurpose, endemic and endangered medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas. It finds extensive use as a medicinal herb since antiquity in different traditional systems of medicine to cure a wide range of ailments related to the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, respiratory and skeletal systems as well as to treat various infectious diseases. The remedying properties of this plant species are ascribed to a set of diverse bioactive secondary metabolite constituents, particularly anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin and rhein) and stilbenoids (piceatannol, resveratrol), besides dietary flavonoids known for their putative health benefits. Recent studies demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of some of these metabolites and/or their derivatives as lead molecules for the treatment of various human diseases. Present review comprehensively covers the literature available on R. australe from 1980 to early 2018. The review provides up-todate information available on its botany for easy identification of the plant, and origin and historical perspective detailing its trade and commerce. Distribution, therapeutic potential in relation to traditional uses and pharmacology, phytochemistry and general biosynthesis of major chemical constituents are also discussed. Additionally, efficient and reproducible in vitro propagation studies holding vital significance in preserving the natural germplasm of the plant and for its industrial exploitation have also been highlighted. The review presents a detailed perspective for future studies to conserve and sustainably make use of this endangered plant species at a commercial scale.

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“…The genus Rumex consists of about 250 species of herbs 1 . Rumex nepalensis Spreng (R. nepalensis) belongs to family Polygonaceae and is a perennial, ascending herb 2 , commonly known by the name Nepal dock. Though R. nepalensis is an agricultural weed but this wild plant is not really unwanted in the arena of traditional herbal medicines [3][4][5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In North Western Himalaya, R. nepalensis is a high value medicinal herb due to its high anthraquinone content 11 . R. nepalensis has shown purgative, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial 12 , antihistaminic, anticholinergic, antibradykinin antiprostaglandin 13 , antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antialgal, insecticida 2,14 , analgesic and CNS depressant properties. The plant is also reported to possess skeletal muscle relaxant activity 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Rumex Nepalensis Roots

Khan

Bhat

2018

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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In the Indian ayurvedic system of medicine, Rumex nepalensis Spreng. (Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine Rumex nepalensis roots for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total phenolics content of roots ethanolic extract was (1.658 mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (1.048mg/100mg). The present study concluded that the crude extract of Rumex nepalensis is a potential source of various activates and this justifies its use in folkloric medicine. Keywords: Rumex nepalensis, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, TPC, TFC, Folins Ciocalteau

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Altitudinal variability in anthraquinone constituents from novel cytotypes of Rumex nepalensis Spreng—a high value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Extraction, Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Rumex Nepalensis Roots

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