Alveolar Bone Reconstruction Simultaneous to Implant Removal due to Advanced Peri‐Implantitis Defects: A Proof of Concept

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of alveolar bone reconstruction simultaneous to implant removal due to peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsPartial or fully dentulous patients subjected to implant removal due to advanced peri‐implantitis (≥ 50% of bone loss) lesions and seeking to have the failed implant replaced for esthetic or functional reasons were consecutively included. Guided bone regeneration was performed by means of a mixture of xenograft and autogenous bone and a ribose cross‐linked barrier membrane. Re‐entry for implant placement was performed at 4‐month follow‐up. Overall, six radiographic variables were assessed before (T0) and after (T1) alveolar bone reconstruction at four levels in ridge width (RW) and height (RH). Peri‐implant conditions were evaluated at latest follow‐up. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression models were calculated using generalized estimation equations to evaluate the effect of baseline upon reconstructive outcomes.ResultsIn total, 20 patients (nimplant = 39) met the inclusion criteria. Alveolar RW and RH were augmented from T0 to T1 at all levels. All implants achieved primary stability. Only ~13% were subjected to ancillary bone regeneration simultaneous to implant placement. After a mean follow‐up period after loading of ~2.2 years, ~70% implants demonstrated peri‐implant health, while mucositis was diagnosed in the remaining implants.ConclusionThe performance of alveolar bone reconstruction in residual partially contained defects simultaneous to implant removal due to peri‐implantitis lesions demonstrates being safe and effective for implant site development.