Always look back: Eye movements as a reflection of anaphoric encapsulation in Spanish while reading the neuter pronoun ello

Stepping back to look ahead: neuter encapsulation and referent extension in counter-argumentative and causal relations in Spanish

“…Consistent with our own previous study (Parodi et al, 2018a), and also with the specialized literature (Escandell & Leonetti, 2011; Loureda, Cruz , Rudka, Nadal, Recio, & Borreguero, 2015; Wilson & Carston, 2007), we did not find statistically significant differences in the Fixation Time on the Ello AOI regarding the referent extension, that is, between the short discourse segment (CR) and the long discourse segment (TR) conditions. This means that, regardless of whether the antecedent is short or long, the neuter pronoun ello remains rather stable in the time devoted to its processing, despite the kind of semantic relation involved.…”

“…It is probable that there are differences in the reading times of the CR and TR conditions that comprise conceptual meaning (premise or causal discourse segment), as opposed to a neuter particle devoid of lexical meaning (Cornish, 2008; Langacker, 2008; Zulaica & Gutiérrez, 2009). Evidence from eye-tracking during reading supports the stable moment-to-moment reading of instructional particles, compared to conceptual or lexical units (Parodi et al, 2018a, 2018b; Recio et al, 2018).…”

“…Complementarily, in a previous pioneering study, Parodi, Julio, Nadal, Burdiles, and Cruz (2018) demonstrated that the variation of the extension of the preceding referent exerted an influence on the on-line processing of causally related texts written in Spanish, specifically on anaphora resolution of the neuter Spanish pronoun ello (‘extension effect’). In this preliminary eye-tracking research, we observed longer processing times in three reading measures, when the antecedent of the neuter pronoun ello was composed of two causal clauses, compared to a shorter referent comprising only one clause.…”

“…Particular attention has been devoted to the distance of the preceding antecedent (e.g., Carpenter & Just, 1977; Çokal, Sturt, & Ferreira, 2018; Duffy & Rayner, 1990; Ehrlich & Rayner, 1983; Fukumura & van Gompel, 2012), and to the gender and syntactic ambiguity that may arise in some contexts (Kennison, 2003; Kennison, Fernandez, & Bowers, 2009; Kennison & Trofe, 2003; Sturt, 2003, 2013). At the same time, causal and counter-argumentative semantic inter-sentential relations have also been studied intensely from different theoretical perspectives and with differing methodological techniques (Köhne & Demberg, 2013; Morera, León, Escudero, & de Vega, 2017; Parodi, Julio, & Recio, 2018; Prandi, 2004; Recio, Nadal, & Loureda, 2018; Sanders et al, 1992, 1993; Xu, Chen, Panther, & Wu, 2018; Zunino, 2017). Yet, rarely do studies center on them together focusing on the binary procedural instruction they provide to the reader (referential and relational), particularly from a distinctive discourse-oriented approach and with eye-tracking techniques (e.g., Ackerman, 1986; Çokal et al, 2018; Koornneef & Sanders, 2013).…”

Hábitos Lectores Y Géneros Del Discurso en Filosofía Y en Economía Y Negocios: Del Discurso Académico Al Discurso Pro Fesional

“…Entonces, no solo es relevante la identificación de un género en un determinado contexto académico o profesional, sino que se debe contemplar la tarea en la cual se encuentra incrustado y las demandas cognitivas particulares que efectivamente se ejecutan en respuesta a propósitos de lectura situados. En la actualidad aún es escasa la información disponible en estos y otros asuntos relacionados en textos en español (e.g., Parodi, Julio y Recio, 2018, Parodi, Julio, Nadal, Burdiles y Cruz, 2018.…”