Amantadine-Heparin-Polypyrrole as a Promising Drug Delivery Reservoir with a Biological Approach

Abstract

There is an urgent need to alleviate the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases. The presented work includes the use of electrochemical polymerization (CV) to obtain active polypyrrole layers with incorporated molecules of a neurological drug substance—amantadine hydrochloride. The obtained films were characterized chemically, structurally, and functionally in terms of their use as a drug delivery systems which are neurologically active. FTIR spectra were recorded to identify the incorporation of drug substances into the matrix. The obtained results showed that amantadine and heparin were embedded to the polypyrrole matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the films. The films deposited on the steel substrate showed a compact, smooth structure, where there was no visible organized structure. After release, the film became corrugated. Adhesive tests were conducted with the cross-cut Test Method B to determine the mechanical properties, and the results showed that amantadine improves adhesion for steel substrates. The films were potentially stimulated by chronoamperometry, and UV-Vis spectra were registered to calculate the concentration of AMA in the solution after release. The release curves indicate a 95% efficiency of AMA release over the studied time period and protocol. Later, antibacterial properties were tested. The proposed system was able to provide a daily dose of drugs that ensures a therapeutic effect. This is a significant step towards developing systems capable of delivering a wider range of doses, potentially in line with the full spectrum recommended for therapeutic efficacy. The antibacterial properties of the material allows it to be considered as a material with antibacterial potential in the presence of the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain. The percentage reduction ratio indicates a 90–100% reduction of bacteria in the suspension.