Amazon Ecology and Adaptation

Sponsel, Leslie E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.an.15.100186.000435

Cited by 49 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Initial studies attempted to explain the presence and evolution of human societies in the region (Steward 1949, Meggers 1954, Steward and Faron 1959, Lathrap 1968, Linares 1976, Ross 1978, Beckerman 1979, Chagnon and Hames 1979, Hames 1987, 1989, Hawkes et al 1982, Johnson and Behrens 1982, Sponsel 1986, Vickers 1988, Feer 1993, Grenand 1993), but only a limited number of studies have investigated bushmeat intake (Dufour 1991, Sirén andMachoa 2008), despite the importance of wild animals to protein and caloric intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the debate about animal protein as a limiting factor, optimal foraging models and time allocation studies were used to demonstrate that hunting strategies could overcome local scarcity due to age of settlement (Hawkes et al 1982, Sponsel 1986, Hames 1989, including garden hunting (Linares 1976). Nevertheless, although numerous data were produced on time allocation, energy expenditure, hunting strategies, and sustainable harvesting models (e.g., Hames 1979, Johnson and Behrens 1982, Feer 1993, Grenand 1993, less emphasis was given to bushmeat intake (Dufour 1991, Sirén andMachoa 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as source of micronutrients in the Amazon

Sarti¹,

Adams²,

Morsello³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Wild meat is critical for the food security and income of millions of people, especially for poor rural households. Its role as a primary source of macronutrients worldwide has been recognized, but there have been few attempts to evaluate the contribution of bushmeat consumption to micronutrient intake. This is so particularly in the context of nutritional transitions induced by modernization and globalization. Here, we calculated the role of bushmeat as a source of micronutrients in the diets of urban and periurban inhabitants within the Tres Fronteras (Peru, Brazil, Colombia) region in the Amazon. We gathered food intake data from 35 households using 3-day 24-h food recalls combined with food weighing. Additionally, we interviewed 105 households on food consumption frequency. Our results indicate that 14.3% of the households consumed bushmeat, which represented approximately 32% of their caloric intake, 72% of consumed protein, and 77% of iron. Typically, households consuming bushmeat presented higher a nutritional status, i.e., lower intake of carbohydrates (−10%) and higher intake of proteins (+46%), iron (+151%), and zinc (+23%), than households not consuming bushmeat. Most of the sampled households did not achieve standard nutritional requirements for calories (94%), fiber, vitamin C, or iron (97%) per adult per day. None of the households achieved the recommended daily intake for calcium. Households consuming bushmeat consumed statistically significantly higher levels of iron, zinc, and vitamin C than households that did not eat bushmeat. The latter consumed an excess of 31% calories from processed foods per adult per day, and lower amounts of iron (−60%) and zinc (−19%). We argue that households not consuming bushmeat are at greater risk of anemia in the short run and other chronic health problems in the long run.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as source of micronutrients in the Amazon

Sarti¹,

Adams²,

Morsello³

et al. 2015

E&S

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“…Brazil was an ideal study location, because it encompasses a diverse array of habitats, including tropical rainforest, seasonal semideciduous forest, scrubland, and savanna, and is marked by considerable temperature and rainfall variation (Hudson, 1998). The Amazon Basin and Atlantic coastal regions are composed of tropical rainforests, receiving, on average, more than 2,000 mm of rain per year (Sponsel, 1986;Hudson, 1998). As biodiversity hotspots, the tropical rainforests of Brazil have ''the highest biomass, productivity, and species diversity of any terrestrial ecosystem'' (Sponsel, 1986;p.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Amazon Basin and Atlantic coastal regions are composed of tropical rainforests, receiving, on average, more than 2,000 mm of rain per year (Sponsel, 1986;Hudson, 1998). As biodiversity hotspots, the tropical rainforests of Brazil have ''the highest biomass, productivity, and species diversity of any terrestrial ecosystem'' (Sponsel, 1986;p. 68).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…68). Temperature is fairly uniform, with a monthly average greater than 248C, and humidity is relatively high, reaching over 60% most days (Sponsel, 1986). In contrast, the semideciduous forests of the Atlantic forest experience high rainfall seasonality and lower temperatures and only have a fraction of the spe-cies diversity found in the tropical rainforest (Morellato, 2000;Oliveira-Filho and Fontes, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological stress and linear enamel hypoplasia in Cebus

Chollet

Teaford

2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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Although it is assumed that monkeys in some environments experience more nutritional or physiological stress than others, little research has been conducted on this topic. This study examines the relationship between linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) frequency, a physiological indicator of stress, and environmental stressors. To test this relationship, LEH frequencies were calculated for 144 Cebus from 54 locations in Brazil. Habitat, temperature range, and annual rainfall were compared between individuals with and without LEH. The LEH frequency for Cebus from semideciduous forests was significantly higher than that for monkeys from coastal areas, the rainforest, and the savanna (chi(2) = 9.97, df = 1; P = 0.0016). A significantly higher LEH frequency was also found for monkeys living in environments with the mean annual temperature between 15 and 18 degrees C than for those in environments greater than 18 degrees C (chi(2) = 7.74, df = 1, P = 0.0054). However, no significant difference was found between LEH frequency and annual rainfall (t = 1.22, P = 0.23) or the average difference in rainfall between the driest and wettest months (t = 0.77, P = 0.44). These results indicate that levels of physiological stress can differ among environments and that habitat and temperature, but not precipitation, may be driving the difference in stress levels among environments.

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Yanomami: An arena of conflict and aggression in the Amazon

Sponsel

1998

Aggr. Behav.

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The Yanomami of Venezuela and Brazil have become an arena of conflict and aggression in the Amazon in at least three respects: their internal aggression; the aggression among anthropologists and others concerned with them; and the external aggression against the Yanomami from Western society. As such, the Yanomami provide a microcosm of several aspects of the anthropology of conflict and aggression. After some background, a critical analysis is developed of 10 problem areas that call into serious question the scientific status of Yanomami as one of the most violent human societies ever known in anthropology: the Yanomami as "the fierce people"; documentation of their aggression; inflation of their aggression as warfare; neglect of cross-cultural perspective; modern warfare as reversion to tribalization; the negative concept of peace; male sexist bias; the Yanomami as "primitive"; the character of debates; and research priorities and professional ethics. The analysis has more general implications for the epistemology of the study of aggression.

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Amazon Ecology and Adaptation

Cited by 49 publications

References 161 publications

Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as source of micronutrients in the Amazon

Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as source of micronutrients in the Amazon

Ecological stress and linear enamel hypoplasia in Cebus

Yanomami: An arena of conflict and aggression in the Amazon

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