Amazonian Manatee Urinalysis: Conservation Applications

Pantoja, Tatyanna Mariucha de Araújo; Rosas, Fernando C. W.; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; Santos, Ângela Maria Fernandes Dos

doi:10.5772/34747

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Squamous epithelial cells as found in our dolphin samples are more common in urine samples taken by free-catch, 8 and do not appear to be clinically significant and may be attributable to normal shedding within the urogenital tract. 11,34 Casts were not found or rarely found in the urine of the dolphins we studied, which is considered to be normal in most animal species. 8 Calcium oxalate and struvite crystals have been reported in bottlenose dolphins and other cetaceans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…8,23 Sediment examination is required to evaluate cellular elements for potential impact on turbidity. 11 In the dolphins studied, almost all had clear urine, except a few cases in which urine sediments and spermatozoa made the sample hazy or slightly cloudy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinalysis is commonly used in veterinary medicine as a clinical tool to monitor renal function and conditions. 8,11,16,24,27 However, it is an underused, useful tool in marine mammal veterinary medicine that would allow assessment of early signs of renal and metabolic diseases that could occur without clinical signs. 10,23 We report herein baseline urine values for normal chemical and microscopic variables for common bottlenose dolphins living under human care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baseline urinalysis values in common bottlenose dolphins under human care in the Caribbean

et al. 2019

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Urinalysis is a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and reliable test that documents urine abnormalities reflecting various types of renal, hormonal, or metabolic diseases. Urinalysis could assist proper monitoring of the health of dolphins under human care; however, normal baseline values for dolphin urinalysis have not been reported, to our knowledge. We sampled urine from 193 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), living under human care in 24 Caribbean dolphinariums, by voluntary free-catch and analyzed the urine for chemical and microscopic variables using multi-agent dry reagent chemistry dipstick test strips, dedicated pH reagent strips, and unstained sediment slides. Most urine was clear, pale yellow to dark yellow, and had a fishy odor. Dipstick glucose, bilirubin, ketones, and nitrites were negative in all dolphins. The urine pH was acidic (x ± SD; 5.88 ± 0.58) and specific gravity (SG) was 1.035 ± 0.008. Most animals had 0-2 red blood cells and white blood cells per 40× field, and were negative for proteins. On microscopic sediment, 42.7% of samples had few-to-many squamous epithelial cells; hyaline and epithelial casts were observed only rarely. Crystals were observed in 36.6% of the samples; most were calcium oxalate dihydrate (48.2%) and amorphous urates (42.4%). The values obtained in our study can be used as a reference for health monitoring of dolphins in dolphinariums, and to monitor renal conditions and function in dolphins being rehabilitated or under human care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baseline urinalysis values in common bottlenose dolphins under human care in the Caribbean

et al. 2019

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“…Eventos como los derrames de petróleo, vertimiento de agua salada sin tratar y roturas de oleoductos como la construcción de represas hidroeléctricas, generan una menor disponibilidad de hábitat para el desarrollo de eventos clave durante el ciclo de vida de esta especie (Pantoja et al, 2012), ya que el ciclo de vida de los manatíes (nacimiento, búsqueda de comida, encontrar pareja, encontrar refugio para protegerse de cazadores) está intrincadamente enlazado con el ciclo del agua (Marmontel, 2013).…”

Section: Legislaciones Que Protegen Al Manatí Amazónico En El Perú De Amenazas De Origen Antropogénicounclassified

Esfuerzos De Conservación Del Manatí Amazónico Trichechus Inunguis (Natterer, 1833) en El Perú: Una Revisión Actualizada

Dávila

2021

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<p>Los manatíes cumplen un rol muy importante en los ecosistemas acuáticos en el Perú y el mundo. Son considerados especies clave por ser reguladores de la vegetación flotante y además excelentes fertilizadores. El manatí amazónico (<em>Trichechus inunguis </em>Natterer, 1833) es el ejemplar más pequeño dentro del orden Sirenia y es exclusivo de la cuenca Amazónica. Hoy en día es considerado una especie vulnerable, con una población que tiende al descenso. La presente revisión busca resumir la información disponible y actualizada sobre los esfuerzos de conservación del manatí amazónico en el Perú. Para ello, se revisaron un total de 70 documentos, tanto en inglés como en español, que tuvieran un enfoque de investigación basado en la conservación del manatí amazónico dentro de la Cuenca Amazónica. En Perú, desde el año 2001, se han tomado diversas iniciativas que buscan promover su conservación. Actualmente, Perú cuenta con investigaciones realizadas con respecto al manatí amazónico en el aspecto descriptivo y también con interés particular en su protección. Sin embargo, la información disponible es aún escasa y limitada en comparación con la de otros países en donde este animal se distribuye. La dificultad que hay para censar a la especie, principalmente por su característico comportamiento evasivo y las condiciones de su ambiente, como la turbidez del agua, y el color oscuro de esta lo que impide su visibilidad, restringen el desarrollo de más investigaciones. Estas investigaciones, con enfoque hacia la difusión de la información y conservación del manatí amazónico en todo su rango de distribución, han sido consolidadas de manera entendible en este artículo para facilitar el alcance de la información de las distintas estrategias y herramientas de conservación que se han ido incorporando a lo largo del tiempo en favor de la protección del manatí amazónico. Actualmente en Perú la conservación de especies amenazadas como el manatí amazónico, está en su etapa inicial, debido a que la caza indiscriminada de esta especie a pesar de las regulaciones existentes todavía continúa. Es por esto que los esfuerzos de conservación de la especie tanto científicos como de manejo deben ir de la mano para una adecuada regulación del estado de la población.</p>

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Baseline urinalysis results in 32 healthy Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)

Cabrias-Contreras

Sanchez-Okrucky

Caicedo-Herrera³

et al. 2021

javma

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OBJECTIVE To describe results of analysis of free-catch urine samples collected from Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) under human care in the Caribbean. ANIMALS 32 Antillean manatees in 5 Caribbean oceanaria and rescue centers. PROCEDURES Urine samples were obtained by opportunistic free catch during physical examination or through the use of operant conditioning procedures. Urinalyses consisted of macro- and microscopic evaluations, biochemical analyses with test strips, and refractometry. Results were compared for manatees grouped on the basis of age, sex, and habitat. RESULTS Urine samples were typically clear, straw colored, and alkaline (mean pH, 8.0); had a urinoid odor and low specific gravity (mean, 1.010); and had results on qualitative test strips that were consistently negative for the presence of glucose, bilirubin, ketones, proteins, nitrites, RBCs, and WBCs. Microscopically, the mean ± SD number of RBCs and WBCs/hpf was 0.5 ± 0.3 RBCs/hpf and 1.1 ± 1.5 WBCs/hpf. The presence of some epithelial cells and crystals was typical. Spermatozoa were found in urine from 1 of 15 sexually mature males, and parasite larvae and eggs were found in urine from 2 manatees. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study yielded the first compilation of baseline urinalysis values in healthy Antillean manatees under human care, which, when combined with physical examination and other diagnostic procedures, can help in monitoring the health of these animals. We encourage the use of free-catch urine collection methods, as used in the present study, for routine urinalyses of manatees under human care in zoos, aquaria, or rescue centers.

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Amazonian Manatee Urinalysis: Conservation Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Baseline urinalysis values in common bottlenose dolphins under human care in the Caribbean

Baseline urinalysis values in common bottlenose dolphins under human care in the Caribbean

Esfuerzos De Conservación Del Manatí Amazónico Trichechus Inunguis (Natterer, 1833) en El Perú: Una Revisión Actualizada

Baseline urinalysis results in 32 healthy Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)

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