Amberlist-15 as heterogeneous reusable catalyst for regioselective ring opening of epoxides with amines under mild conditions

Aminolysis of epoxides catalyzed by three-dimensional, mesoporous titanosilicates, Ti-SBA-12 and Ti-SBA-16

“…Several Lewis and Brönsted acid catalysts including metal halides, metal perchlorates, metal triflates, Bu 3 P, ionic liquids, sulfamic acid, etc., have been reported to catalyze this transformation [8][9][10][11]. Solid acid catalysts including resins and zeolites have also been reported [12][13][14][15]. However, many of these methods suffer from one of more of the following disadvantages: poor regio-selectivity, requirement of extended reaction times, elevated temperatures, high pressures and stoichiometric amount of catalyst, and the use of expensive reagents or catalysts.…”

Double Metal Cyanides as Efficient Solid Acid Catalysts for Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols Under Solvent-Free Conditions

“…Selectivity for the A-isomer is higher in most of the cases (Table 1). The intrinsic catalytic activity (turnover frequency; TOF) of Fe-Zn double metal cyanide catalysts is higher than most of the known catalysts for this reaction [6][7][8][9][10][11]. For the reaction between styrene oxide and aniline conducted under similar conditions, the TOF values over sulfamic acid, amberlyst-15, Sc(OTf) 3 , NaY, SBA-15-pr-SO 3 H and Ti-MCM-41 catalysts were 32, 2, 7, 0.8, 68 and 169 h -1 , respectively [6][7][8][9][10][11]13].…”

“…A large number of promoters and catalyst system have been reported, e.g. sulfamic acid [6], Amberlyst-15 [7], metal amides, metal triflates [8], transition metal halides [9], ionic liquids [10], and Lewis acids [11]. However, all those required long reaction times, elevated temperatures, high pressures and stoichiometric amounts of catalyst.…”

Robust and Environmentally Benign Solid Acid Intercalation Catalysts for the Aminolysis of Epoxides

“…However, utilization of these homogeneous catalytic systems is associated with challenging separation and recycling procedures, which restrict their practical and economically sustainable use in large scale applications. These challenges have attracted the interest of various research groups who focused their research efforts on the development of heterogeneous catalytic systems such as amberlyst‐15, Ti‐MCM‐41, zeolite Y . In a similar manner, these heterogeneous catalysts suffer from several drawbacks such as, long reaction times, poor regio‐selectivity and use of large amounts of expensive catalysts.…”