Ambient electric arc ionization for versatile sample analysis using mass spectrometry

Gao, Yuanji; Li, Yuan; Zhan, Binpeng; He, Quan; Zhu, Heping; Chen, Weiwei; Yin, Qi; Feng, Hongru; Pan, Yuanjiang

doi:10.1039/d1an00872b

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…14,17,18,23 In addition, arc discharge can induce the formation of nitrate ions that are MS detectable in negative ion mode. 24 Herein, we describe the development of a highly sensitive and selective atmospheric pressure arc desorption/ionization MS (APADI-MS) approach for the analysis of explosives on various surfaces, using arcinduced nitrate ions as reagents to form detectable adducts with explosives. We found that in APADI arc discharge ion sources, anionic additives actually could not bind with explosives to form characteristic adducts.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For discharge-type ion sources (e.g., corona and glow discharge), nitrogen oxide anion additives are not beneficial to non-nitrate adducts such as [M+Cl] − . ,,, In addition, arc discharge can induce the formation of nitrate ions that are MS detectable in negative ion mode . Herein, we describe the development of a highly sensitive and selective atmospheric pressure arc desorption/ionization MS (APADI-MS) approach for the analysis of explosives on various surfaces, using arc-induced nitrate ions as reagents to form detectable adducts with explosives.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Arc-Induced Nitrate Reagent Ion for Analysis of Trace Explosives on Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Arc Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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This study presents the rapid surface detection of explosives by employing atmospheric pressure arc desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (APADI-MS) using point-to-plane arc discharge. In APADI, neutral explosives readily bind to the gas-phase nitrate ion, NO3 –, induced by arc discharge to form anionic adducts [M+NO3]−. This avoids the need for inorganic anionic additives such as NO3 –, NO2 –, Cl–, acetate, and trifluoroacetate for unique explosive ionization pathways and simplifies mass spectra. The analytical performance of APADI was thoroughly evaluated for the rapid detection of 10 explosives at levels in the range of 800 fg–1 μg. Arc-induced nitrogen oxide anions promoted the formation of characteristic adducts, such as [M+NO3]−, and improved the instrument response for all the explosives tested. APADI showed considerable sensitivity in the negative ion mode with limits of detection in the low picogram range, particularly when explosives were analyzed on a copper or aluminum foil substrate. APADI coupled with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer displayed a good linear response for the studied explosives. The linearity and intraday and interday precisions were evaluated, demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of APADI-MS for the detection of trace explosives on solid surfaces. The mechanisms of APADI for explosive ionization and desorption were examined and verified by performing density functional theory calculations.

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Arc-Induced Nitrate Reagent Ion for Analysis of Trace Explosives on Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Arc Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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“…Although ESI is considered to be one of the most commonly used commercial ionization source, compounds with low polarity suffer from low ionization efficiency in ESI, leading to low sensitivity and repeatability. , Hence, an improved approach with a high detection sensitivity for such compounds has been highly anticipated. Among numerous plasma-based ion source, the arc-plasma device has been shown to perform well for analysis of low-polarity compounds. − The mechanism of the arc-plasma ionization primarily relies on a high voltage applied between the electrodes, which leads to the breakdown of air in the electrode gap. It generates high voltage and high-frequency arcs and a series of reactive species that react with the analyte and produce ions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasma-Excited Nebulizer Gas-Assisted Electrospray Ionization: Enhancing the Sensitivity of Pesticide in Mass Spectrometry

Bao,

Bai,

Wang

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is widely used in the detection of pesticide residues. However, the detection sensitivity of low-polarity pesticides by commonly used electrospray ionization may be severely suppressed, which greatly affects the limit of detection and repeatability. Herein, a plasma-excited nebulizer gas-assisted electrospray ionization (PENG-ESI) device has been developed. By introducing the discharge plasma formed by Tesla coil into the electrospray nebulizer gas channel, the sensitivity of low-polarity pesticides was significantly increased while maintaining sensitivity to polar pesticides. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection for S-bioallethrin was achieved at the level of 100 pg/g with good linearity (R 2 > 0.99) and precision (RSD ≤ 4.61%). The matrix effect of a series of spiked matrix samples is less than 13.1%. Finally, different pyrethroid pesticide residues were successfully analyzed without separation, highlighting that the technology has potential application prospects in food quality control, environmental monitoring, and other fields.

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“…Primarily, [H 2 O] n H + interacts with the analyte (M), resulting in the formation of the protonated analyte ([M + H] + ; eq ). Abundant production of radical cations (N 2 + , NH + , O 2 + , NO 2 + , O 2 H 2 O + , and O 4 + ) through arc discharge indicates the occurrence of the APCI mechanism in AESI normalM + false[ H 2 normalO false] n H + → false[ normalM + normalH false] + + n H 2 normalO …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma discharge techniques, such as corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, microwave-induced discharge, glow discharge, and arc discharge, − offer direct means of sample ionization. Applying plasma to ESI enhances ionization efficiency, provides instant detection, and heightens sensitivity compared to other ESI techniques .…”

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Arc-Induced Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Huang,

Zeng,

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Arc-induced electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (AESI-MS) was developed during which alternating current electrospray is simply achieved through the arc plasma. The AESI source exploits the arc's temperature and charge properties to generate aerosols consisting of charged microdroplets. The electrospray region, in which organic molecules are contained within microdroplets, partially overlaps with the arc plasma region. Guided by the electric field, these molecules undergo ionization, yielding ionic target analytes. AESI represents a soft ionization method that combines the mechanisms of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization, facilitating the ionization of analytes with wide ranging polarities. The precisely targeted spraying area enhances ion entry into the mass analyzer, thereby enabling excellent ionization efficiency. The AESI source exhibits several notable advantages over the electrospray ionization source, including an elevated but comparable level of active species concentrations and types, simplified mass spectra for direct amino acid analysis, high salt tolerance, versatile analysis of compounds with varying polarities, and reliable quantitative analysis of amino acids in complex matrices. Overall, AESI broadens the methodologies employed to generate microdroplets, providing a technological and scientific framework for creating distinctive electrospray ionization techniques.

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Ambient electric arc ionization for versatile sample analysis using mass spectrometry

Abstract: A novel, convenient ambient electric arc ionization (AEAI) device was developed as mass spectrometry ion source for versatile sample analysis. AEAI could be considered as a soft ionization technique in...

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Arc-Induced Nitrate Reagent Ion for Analysis of Trace Explosives on Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Arc Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Arc-Induced Nitrate Reagent Ion for Analysis of Trace Explosives on Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Arc Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Plasma-Excited Nebulizer Gas-Assisted Electrospray Ionization: Enhancing the Sensitivity of Pesticide in Mass Spectrometry

Arc-Induced Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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