Ameliorative Effects of Exogenous Proline on Photosynthetic Attributes, Nutrients Uptake, and Oxidative Stresses under Cadmium in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Abstract

Proline plays a significant role in the plant response to stress conditions. However, its role in alleviating metal-induced stresses remains elusive. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the ameliorative role of exogenous proline on cadmium-induced inhibitory effects in pigeon pea subjected to different Cd treatments (4 and 8 mg/mL). Cadmium treatments reduced photosynthetic attributes, decreased chlorophyll contents, disturbed nutrient uptake, and affected growth traits. The elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), in association with relatively high contents of hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, electrolyte leakage, and endogenous proline, was measured. Exogenous proline application (3 and 6 mM) alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative damage. Exogenous proline increased antioxidant enzyme activities and improved photosynthetic attributes, nutrient uptake (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+), and growth parameters in cadmium-stressed pigeon pea plants. Our results reveal that proline supplementation can comprehensively alleviate the harmful effects of cadmium on pigeon pea plants.

Agro-morphological characterization of Pakistani maize accessions using qualitative and quantitative traits

“…The agro-morphological data was analyzed by using Statistica software v 2.1 (Hayat et al, 2021). Similarly, cluster analysis was performed with the SAHN sub-program using the UPGMA clustering as applied in NTSYS-PC version 2.2e was used to construct a dendrogram showing the link among the accessions.…”

Effect of Cadmium and Copper Exposure on Growth, Physio-Chemicals and Medicinal Properties of Cajanus cajan L. (Pigeon Pea)

“…Recently, it was taken into consideration that due to the rapid increases of industrialization, particularly in China, in last few years, the concentrations of Cd and Cu are noticeably increasing in the soil, causing severe damage in plants, even at very low concentrations [9][10][11][12]. In our previous studies, different physiological and growth attributes of Cajanus cajan L. and Cicer arietinum L. plants were monitored under different Cd-stressed environments [13,14]. Generally, plants have the capability to cope with a stressed environment in limited conditions; thus, the aim of this study was to check the medicinal, physiological, and growth parameters of C. cajan L. plant exposure to increasing Cd and Cu combined treatment.…”

“…Its contamination sources include lithogenic, pedogenic, and anthropogenic sources that release approximately 1-70, 11,000, and 16,000 metric tons per annum of cadmium into the biosphere, respectively [6,7]. Cd 2+ excessive accumulation in plants might cause severe phytotoxicity and numerous physiological, morphological, and biochemical toxic effects on plant attributes such as pigment destruction, photosynthetic and respirational process inhiations, lessening nutrient uptake, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzyme and gene suppression, growth inhibition, and even plant death [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Role of Compatible Solutes in Alleviating Effect of Abiotic Stress in Plants

“…Exogenously applied proline better the enzymes activity and the turgor potential of pea under nickel stress (Gajewska & Skłodowska, 2005). Likewise, foliar application of proline increased the higher biomass, antioxidant defense potential and photosynthetic activities of plants under Cd stress conditions (Hayat et al, 2021). Foliar application of proline improved activities enzyme and greater chlorophyll content, absorption of nutrient and all growth traits under Cd stress in pigeon pea plants.…”