Amenorrhea: Common Causes and Evaluation

Wilson, George R.; Haddad, J; Haddad, Charles

doi:10.1385/comp:31:4:270

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The causes giving amenorrhea can be divided in five groups 3 and among these, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is the most prevalent, being responsible for approximately 35% of the cases. 4 Also eating disorders can lead to amenorrhea and in fact, it is one of the features necessary for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these hormones produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary system controls the synthesis of the others by not still well understood positive and negative feedback mechanisms. 2 The causes giving amenorrhea can be divided in five groups 3 and among these, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is the most prevalent, being responsible for approximately 35% of the cases. 4 Also eating disorders can lead to amenorrhea and in fact, it is one of the features necessary for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Levels of Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Serotonin in Patients Affected with Different Forms of Amenorrhea

Comai

Bertazzo

Carretti

et al. 2010

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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Tryptophan (Trp) is present in the serum, partly bound to albumine and in the free form. The unbound portion of circulating tryptophan has the property of crossing the hematoencephalic barrier and being converted within the brain into serotonin (5-HT) through the enzymatic processes of hydroxylation and decarboxylation. The serotoninergic system plays an important role in neuroendocrine control of reproductive hormone secretion, and in particular, it may influence GnRH pulsatility, a function essential for reproductive processes. In this study, we analysed serum levels of tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in women with three different forms of amenorrhea: 16 patients were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 60 patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and 14 patients with hyperprolactinemia. Data were compared with those of a group of 25 healthy women. Serum Trp levels were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower in the anorexic (11.64 ± 0.53 μg/ml, mean ± S.E.) than in the control (12.98 ± 0.37 μg/ml) groups. In addition, in the anorexic group a statistical dispersion of Trp values was shown indicating a bimodal data distribution suggesting the existence of two different subgroups of patients. Regarding 5-HTP, an increase of its serum level was observed in all the groups with amenorrhea with the highest value in hyperprolactinemic patients. On the contrary, no statistical differences in serum 5-HT levels among the four analyzed groups were observed.This study shows that women affected by various forms of amenorrhea present an altered metabolism of tryptophan via serotonin and, in particular, markedly high differences are observed between the two subgroups of anorexic patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Serotonin in Patients Affected with Different Forms of Amenorrhea

Comai

Bertazzo

Carretti

et al. 2010

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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“…The unusual causes of amenorrhea includes autoimmune disorders, head injuries, over growth of tissue from placenta, and polyps, cancer, cushing syndrome, chronic disorders, AIDS, adrenal gland malfunction, ibroids and chemotherapy [39,40].…”

Section: J Less Common Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amenorrhea-An abnormal cessation of normal menstrual cycle

Tabassum¹,

Namra²

2020

Clin J Obstet Gynecol

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Amenorrhea is the absence or abnormal cessation of menstrual cycles in a woman of reproductive age. Prolonged cessation of menstrual cycles might results in complications such as infertility, psychosocial developmental delays, Osteoporosis, fractures etc. Better understanding of physiology of menstruation is essential to understand the various causes of primary and secondary amenorrhea. Any disruption or functional abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitaryovarian axis can result in abnormal menstruation or amenorrhea. Therefore it is crucial to identify this menstrual distress in women at early age to minimize the risks of reproductive dysfunction in premenstrual and postmenstrual conditions.

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Fifteen-minute consultation: a structured approach to the child with primary amenorrhea

Varughese

Ryan

Makaya

2020

Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed

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Puberty is a life-changing time in the life of a young person, with physical, psychological and social considerations. Amenorrhea is derived from Latin: a—‘not’, men—‘month’ and rhein—‘flow’, meaning absence of monthly flow. In medical terms, it is a symptom describing absence of menstruation. It can be classified as either primary or secondary. This article will focus solely on primary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea can induce great anxiety in both the patient and the family and often presents to the general paediatrician. A thorough history and examination and judicious use of investigations is crucial to ensure timely diagnosis and management.

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Amenorrhea: Common Causes and Evaluation

Abstract: Amenorrhea, either primary (before menarche) or secondary (after menarche), is a frequently encountered clinical condition in the primary care office. A patient-oriented approach, utilizing focused diagnostic studies, provides an etiology in the majority of cases.

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Serum Levels of Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Serotonin in Patients Affected with Different Forms of Amenorrhea

Serum Levels of Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Serotonin in Patients Affected with Different Forms of Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea-An abnormal cessation of normal menstrual cycle

Fifteen-minute consultation: a structured approach to the child with primary amenorrhea

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