Amide Proton Transfer Imaging in Clinics: Basic Concepts and Current and Future Use in Brain Tumors and Stroke

Park, Ji Eun; Jahng, Geon‐Ho; Jeong, Ha-Kyu

doi:10.3348/jksr.2016.75.6.419

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This indicates that caution has to be applied when using APTw imaging in a quantitative manner and that previous studies using APTw intensity values quantitatively should be judged accordingly. Ultimately, numerous studies utilizing various APTw imaging sequences have been published (Li et al, 2014, 2017; Togao et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2016; Ma et al, 2016; Park et al, 2016; Dreher et al, 2018, 2019). A comparison between these studies may be difficult, as the sequence parameters of the APTw sequences may impact the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tumor tissue, especially in high grade malignant brain tumors, the content of mobile proteins and peptides is considerably elevated. This correlates with APTw intensity values and thus APTw imaging can be used for tumor characterization and diagnosis (Togao et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2016, 2017a,b, 2019; Ma et al, 2016; Park et al, 2016; Su et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2017; Dreher et al, 2018, 2019; Van de Ven and Keupp, 2018; Zhou et al, 2019). Hence APTw imaging allows the differentiation of low-grade gliomas from high grade gliomas (Jiang et al, 2017a; Su et al, 2017; Van de Ven and Keupp, 2018), the prediction of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in gliomas (Jiang et al, 2017b; Dreher et al, 2018), the differentiation of high grade gliomas from primary central nervous system lymphomas (Jiang et al, 2016) and from metastases (Yu et al, 2017) and the differentiation of tumor progression and treatment effects (Ma et al, 2016; Van de Ven and Keupp, 2018; Jiang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Hence APTw imaging allows the differentiation of low-grade gliomas from high grade gliomas (Jiang et al, 2017a; Su et al, 2017; Van de Ven and Keupp, 2018), the prediction of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in gliomas (Jiang et al, 2017b; Dreher et al, 2018), the differentiation of high grade gliomas from primary central nervous system lymphomas (Jiang et al, 2016) and from metastases (Yu et al, 2017) and the differentiation of tumor progression and treatment effects (Ma et al, 2016; Van de Ven and Keupp, 2018; Jiang et al, 2019). The technique has also been applied for the non-invasive detection of intracranial hemorrhage in various stages of blood degradation in acute, subacute and chronic stages (Ma et al, 2017) and of acute ischemic cerebral strokes (Park et al, 2016; Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amide Proton Transfer Contrast Distribution in Different Brain Regions in Young Healthy Subjects

Sartoretti

Wyss

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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Objectives: To define normal signal intensity values of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in different brain regions. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy subjects (9 females, mean age 29 years, range 19-37 years) underwent MR imaging at 3 Tesla. 3D APTw (RF saturation B 1,rms = 2 µT, duration 2 s, 100% duty cycle) and 2D T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) images were acquired. Postprocessing (image fusion, ROI measurements of APTw intensity values in 22 different brain regions) was performed and controlled by two independent neuroradiologists. Values were measured separately for each brain hemisphere. A subject was scanned both in prone and supine position to investigate differences between hemispheres. A mixed model on a 5% significance level was used to assess the effect of gender, brain region and side on APTw intensity values. Results: Mean APTw intensity values in the hippocampus and amygdala varied between 1.13 and 1.57%, in the deep subcortical nuclei (putamen, globus pallidus, head of caudate nucleus, thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra) between 0.73 and 1.84%, in the frontal, occipital and parietal cortex between 0.56 and 1.03%; in the insular cortex between 1.11 and 1.15%, in the temporal cortex between 1.22 and 1.37%, in the frontal, occipital and parietal white matter between 0.32 and 0.54% and in the temporal white matter between 0.83 and 0.89%. APTw intensity values were significantly impacted both by brain region (p < 0.001) and by side (p < 0.001), whereby overall values on the left side were higher than on the right side (1.13 vs. 0.9%). Gender did not significantly impact APTw intensity values (p = 0.24). APTw intensity values between the left and the right side were partially reversed after changing the position of one subject from supine to prone. Conclusion: We determined normal baseline APTw intensity values in different anatomical localizations in healthy subjects. APTw intensity values differed both between anatomical regions and between left and right brain hemisphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Amide Proton Transfer Contrast Distribution in Different Brain Regions in Young Healthy Subjects

Sartoretti

Wyss

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Alternative methods, which take the complex structure of the Z-spectrum into account, have been developed, as summarized in the literature. 16 One of these approaches describes Lorentzian difference analysis (LDA), which allows for the evaluation of APT and NOE signals separately, avoiding a mixed contrast of both effects. 17 The APT-CEST contrast also depends on the concentration of amide protons accessible by water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pH sensitivity of APT‐CEST using phosphorus spectroscopy as a reference method

et al. 2019

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The pH value is a potential physiological marker for clinical diagnosis as it is altered in pathologies such as tumors. While intracellular pH can be measured noninvasively via phosphorus spectroscopy (31P MRSI), Amide Proton Transfer‐Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (APT‐CEST) MRI has been suggested as an alternative method for pH quantification. To assess the suitability of APT‐CEST contrast for pH quantification, two approaches (magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry [MTRasym] and Lorentzian difference analysis [LDA]) for analyzing the Z‐spectrum have been correlated with pH values obtained by 31P MRSI. Fourteen patients with glioblastoma and 12 healthy controls were included. In contrast to MTRasym, the LDA is modeling the direct water saturation and the semi‐solid magnetization transfer, allowing a separate evaluation of the aliphatic nuclear Overhauser effect and the APT‐CEST. The results of our study show that the pH values obtained by 31P MRSI correspond well with both methods describing the APT‐CEST contrast. Two‐sample t‐test showed significant differences in MTRasym, LDA and pH obtained by 31P MRSI for regions of interest in glioblastoma, contralateral control areas and normal appearing white matter (P < 0.001). A slightly improved correlation between the amide signal and pH was found after performing LDA (r = 0.78) compared with MTRasym (r = 0.70). While both methods can be used to monitor pH changes, the LDA approach appears to be better suited.

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“…The solute protons are always at a very low concentration and hard to identify directly using standard MR protocols. Nonetheless, after a certain time of continuous transfer, this effect alleviates the MRI signal and the protons are discovered indirectly through the attenuation of the water signal [19,20].…”

Section: Aptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical approach of perfusion-weighted imaging

Duc¹,

Huy²,

Bang³

et al. 2018

Imaging-Medicine

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Perfusion is one of the most important parameters affected on the diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease response to therapy. There are some discriminative kinds of perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) such as dynamic susceptibility contrast PWI, semiquantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced PWI, quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced PWI, dynamic glucose-enhanced PWI, arterial spin labelling and amide proton transfer. In this short communication, we aimed to introduce clinical approach of these PWI types.

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Amide Proton Transfer Imaging in Clinics: Basic Concepts and Current and Future Use in Brain Tumors and Stroke

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Amide Proton Transfer Contrast Distribution in Different Brain Regions in Young Healthy Subjects

Amide Proton Transfer Contrast Distribution in Different Brain Regions in Young Healthy Subjects

The pH sensitivity of APT‐CEST using phosphorus spectroscopy as a reference method

Clinical approach of perfusion-weighted imaging

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