Amino Acids in Muddy Sediments of the Osaka Group

Stages of major floral change in Japan based on macrofossil evidence and their connection to climate and geomorphological changes since the Pliocene

“…The age of the sediment has been correlated using tephra beds spread within and/or among basins and magnetostratigraphy (Fig. 2;Itihara, 1993;Satoguchi and Nagahashi, 2012). The Shobudani Formation is composed of fluvial sediments about 200 m thick that were deposited in a narrow basin along the Median Tectonic Line between the Late Pliocene and Middle Pleistocene (Mizuno and Momohara, 1993).…”

“…The horizon below the Ksr-E tephra bed in Minoyama, south Kyoto Prefecture, has provided records of the last occurrence of Cunninghamia, Fagus microcarpa, Ailanthus altissima, Hamamelis parrotioides, and Cyclocarya sp., which are extinct in Japan (Momohara, 2010). Miki (1956a) described Tetrastigma japonica, an extinct Vitaceae, from an outcrop in Shimoshibutani, Ikeda City, which was situated in a horizon equivalent to the Ma8 marine clay bed based on the geological map by Itihara (1993).…”

“…The Shobudani Formation is composed of fluvial sediments about 200 m thick that were deposited in a narrow basin along the Median Tectonic Line between the Late Pliocene and Middle Pleistocene (Mizuno and Momohara, 1993). The Osaka Group is distributed in the Harima, Osaka, Kyoto, and Nara Basins, and its maximum thickness in Osaka Bay has been estimated at 1500e2000 m (Itihara, 1993). The lower part of the group consists of fluvio-lacustrine sediments deposited between ca.…”

Evaluation of Dip Angles of Active Faults Beneath the Osaka Plain Inferred from a 2D Numerical Analysis of visco-elasto-plastic Models

“…The Osaka sedimentary basin is filled by the strata of the Plio-Middle Pleistocene Osaka Group, Middle-Upper Pleistocene terrace deposits and their corresponding sediments, and Upper Pleistocene-Holocene alluvium. The strata are 1,000-2,000-m thick at the deposition center and 200-400-m thick at the margins (Itihara 1993). Yoshikawa and Mitamura (1999) reported that the Quaternary system in the Osaka Plain consists of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel layers with a thickness of more than 1,500 m and dozens of volcanic ash layers; this system has been divided into the Miyakojima Formation in the lower part, the Tanaka Formation in the upper part, and the Namba Formation in the uppermost part (Fig.…”