Amino‐functionalised mesoporous silica microspheres for immobilisation of Candida antarctica lipase B – application towards greener production of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

Abstract

In the present study, amino-functionalised mesoporous silica microspheres were utilised as support for the covalent immobilisation of Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) for the subsequent production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). Under the optimised operating conditions of pH 6.5, particle/enzyme ratio of 1.25:1.0 and glutaraldehyde concentration of 4 mM, a maximum CaLB immobilisation yield of 82.4% on silica microspheres was obtained in 12.25 h. The immobilised CaLB was used for the synthesis of alkyl esters, which were utilised along with hydrogen peroxide for FDCA synthesis. The biocatalytic conversion of 30 mM DFF dictated a 77-79% FDCA in 48 h at 30°C; where the turnover number and turnover frequency of immobilised CaLB were 6220.73 mol mol −1 and 129.59 h −1 , respectively, for ethyl acetate, against 6297.65 mol mol −1 and 131.2 h −1 , respectively, for ethyl butyrate. Upon examining the operational stability, the immobilised CaLB exhibited high stability till five cycles of FDCA production.

(Chemo)biocatalytic Upgrading of Biobased Furanic Platforms to Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…An FDCA yield of about 42% was obtained (Table , entry 23) . Recently, silica-based supporters including cyclodextrin-templated and amino-functionalized mesoporous silica were designed and prepared to covalently immobilize CAL-B for the production of FDCA from DFF by two groups. , Although the initial activities of these immobilized enzymes were good, their operational stability seemed to be unsatisfactory, as the catalytic activities substantially reduced after five recycles.…”

Recent advances in biotransformation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural: challenges and future aspects

“…FDCA, which is a product of HMF oxidation, is a promising alternative to terephthalic acid and it can be used to produce plasticizers, polyurethanes, polyesters, or polyamides. 57 FDCA monomer cannot be directly polymerized and must be combined with ethylene glycol for the synthesis of polyethylene furonate (PEF). At a commercial scale, the production of FDCA was started by Avantium (located in Netherlands) through their 'YXY' process.…”