Ammonia migration from building materials to indoor air; technical, economical and environmental aspects

Abstract

The state-of-the-art of the problem of the migration of ammonia from building materials into the air of residential premises is discussed in the article. The international nature of the problem of ammonia pollution of indoor air in residential and office buildings was shown in the literature review. A method for the photometric determination of the content of nitrogen-containing compounds in the form of ammonium nitrogen with Nessler's reagent in concrete was propesd by the authors. This technique allows to control the ammonia content at a safe level. Also the method of potentiometric determination of the content of nitrogen-containing compounds for the analysis of additives for concrete was implemented by the authors. This analysis method allows prevent the use of additives that can potentially serve as a source of ammonia emissions during the exploitation of building materials.

A State of Review on Instigating Resources and Technological Sustainable Approaches in Green Construction

“…Acrylonitrile Irritates mucous membranes of the lung walls Affect habitants of aquatic organisms [65] Ammonia Make water more acidic Increasing corrosive nature [66] Arsenic and its compounds May damage the growth of the foetus Lead to cancer [67] Bitumen Lung cancer Block percolation of groundwater [68] Borax and its substances Poison to all kinds of living organisms [69] Cadmium Damage to the function of the kidney, liver, and lungs [70] Copper and its substances Affect habitants of aquatic organisms A Bio accumulative material [71] Epoxy May trigger a strong allergy reaction [72] Fluorides Decay the growth of the plant and aquatic organisms May reduce the strength of bones [73] Lead and its compounds Related to kidney and brain damages [74] Nonyl phenol React as environment oestrogen Increase the water acidity declining the growth of aquatic organisms [75] Styrene Affect the lungs' function Cause damage to the reproductive system [76] Vinyl acetate Increasing corrosive nature Affect habitants of aquatic organisms [77] Wood dust Lung cancer May trigger robust allergy [78] Demolition Dust Create eye irritation and breathing problem Reduce plant photosynthesis ability [79] Concrete is a commonly consumed product in the entire construction industry mainly due to its versatility and ability to be easily altered. Decreasing the concrete environmental burden can pave the way towards a more sustainable construction industry [80].…”

“…Energy and carbon emission savings can be achieved by updating or optimizing existing manufacturing technology, including reutilized residual or waste heat in the furnace to generate electricity. The cement industry is an excellent example of this, as it uses waste heat recovery in manufacturing [66,96].…”