Ammonia recovery from concentrated solution by designing novel stacked FCDI cell

Fang, Kuo; He, Wenyan; Peng, Fei; Wang, Kaijun

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117066

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…1 B and C ). Though there are several experimental studies ( 67 – 76 ), no theory has yet been developed to predict and guide the removal of such species by CDI. However, given the complexities involving pH dynamics in CDI, a validated model is essential to unlock the enormous potential of CDI to remove amphoteric ions without the need for chemical additives to adjust feed pH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical removal of amphoteric ions

Shocron

Guyes

Rijnaarts

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Several harmful or valuable ionic species present in seawater, brackish water, and wastewater are amphoteric, weak acids or weak bases, and, thus, their properties depend on local water pH. Effective removal of these species can be challenging for conventional membrane technologies, necessitating chemical dosing of the feedwater to adjust pH. A prominent example is boron, which is considered toxic in high concentrations and often requires additional membrane passes to remove during seawater desalination. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging membraneless technique for water treatment and desalination, based on electrosorption of salt ions into charging microporous electrodes. CDI cells show strong internally generated pH variations during operation, and, thus, CDI can potentially remove pH-dependent species without chemical dosing. However, development of this technique is inhibited by the complexities inherent to the coupling of pH dynamics and ion properties in a charging CDI cell. Here, we present a theoretical framework predicting the electrosorption of pH-dependent species in flow-through electrode CDI cells. We demonstrate that such a model enables insight into factors affecting species electrosorption and conclude that important design rules for such systems are highly counterintuitive. For example, we show both theoretically and experimentally that for boron removal, the anode should be placed upstream and the cathode downstream, an electrode order that runs counter to the accepted wisdom in the CDI field. Overall, we show that to achieve target separations relying on coupled, complex phenomena, such as in the removal of amphoteric species, a theoretical CDI model is essential.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical removal of amphoteric ions

Shocron

Guyes

Rijnaarts

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Subsequently, Xu et al (2017) reported asymmetric FCDI comprising of AC/MnO 2 and AC suspensions as positive electrode and negative electrode, respectively. The salt removal efficiency obtained was 78% in 0.1 M NaCl within 2 h. Further, Fang, He, et al (2020) developed stack FCDI consisting of three adsorption/desorption units with three feed solutions, K 2 SO 4 , deionized water, and synthetic wastewater with NH 4 Cl, MgCl 2 , and CaCl 2 as shown in Figure 7a,b. The stack FCDI cell is capable of ammonia recovery and generation of value‐added products from wastewaters.…”

Section: Architecture Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Datar

Mane

Jha

2022

Water Environment Research

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Capacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox‐active electrolytes, or ion specific pre‐intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon‐based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization. Practitioner Points Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications. Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion‐intercalation processes. Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals. Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC. In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.

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“…Membrane electrosorption (MES), which is also known as membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), can selectively recover ammonium nitrogen from wastewater [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. In the MES, a small voltage (<1.5 V) is applied between two porous carbon or battery electrodes ( Figure 1 C).…”

Section: Electrochemical Systems For Ammonia Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) integrated with a CEM-DF-120 (Tianwei Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong, China), the efficiency of ammonia removal from municipal wastewater can reach 87% after system optimization [ 82 ]. When a gas permeable membrane is integrated into an FCDI reactor, 78% of influent ammonia can be recovered from diluted wastewater [ 34 ]. In BES/ECS systems, load ratio, L N , which is the ratio of the applied current and the TAN loading rate, has been proposed to assess the optimal conditions of the reactor for ammonia removal efficiency and energy input.…”

Section: Key Performance Metrics and Membrane Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Cation Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Systems for Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater

Yang

Qin

2021

Membranes

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Electrochemical processes are considered promising technologies for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In electrochemical processes, cation exchange membrane (CEM), which is applied to separate compartments, plays a crucial role in the separation of ammonium nitrogen from wastewater. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the application of CEM in electrochemical systems for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Four kinds of electrochemical systems, including bioelectrochemical systems, electrochemical stripping, membrane electrosorption, and electrodialysis, are introduced. Then we discuss the role CEM plays in these processes for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In addition, we highlight the key performance metrics related to ammonia recovery and properties of CEM membrane. The limitations and key challenges of using CEM for ammonia recovery are also identified and discussed.

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Ammonia recovery from concentrated solution by designing novel stacked FCDI cell

Cited by 36 publications

References 52 publications

Electrochemical removal of amphoteric ions

Electrochemical removal of amphoteric ions

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

The Application of Cation Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Systems for Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater

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