Ammonium ion removal using activated zeolite and chitosan

Abstract

Studies have previously been done on efficacies of chitosan and zeolite in ammonium ion (NH 4 + ) removal. However, no study compares the adsorption performance of natural zeolite (NZ) and activated NZ (ANZ) with high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) and low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC).Hence, this study investigates the potentials of NZ, ANZ, LMWC, and HMWC in NH 4 + removal. The characteristics of NZ, ANZ, LMWC, and HMWC such as functional groups, surface morphology, elemental composition, zeta potential, and particle size was also investigated. The deposition of NH 4 + on the surface of NZ and ANZ was confirmed with the absence of nitrogen by the adsorption spectrum of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and supported by the presence of an Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) stretching band at 3,500-3,300 cm −1 , as well as broader and less intense bands~1,600 cm −1 after the adsorption for all the adsorbents. The particle size of LMWC, HMWC, NZ, and ANZ were 98, 813, 22,354, and 9,826 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, after the activation process, the composition of O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, and Na was reduced. NH 4 + batch adsorption was also studied. HMWC, NZ, and ANZ reached adsorption equilibrium at 15 h, meanwhile for LMWC, the equilibrium reached at t = 20 h. The adsorption capacity of LMWC, HMWC, NZ, and ANZ at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L was 0.769, 0.331, 2.162, and 2.937 mg/g, respectively.

Ammonium removal by alkaline‐activated coconut coir from synthetic and ground waters

“…The adsorption capacity of NaACC for ammonium was measured to increase from initial level of 0.07 mg/g to the maximal value of 0.77 mg/g during 144 h reaction (Figure 6c). The ammonium adsorption capacity of 0.77 mg/g achieved in this study was comparable with 0.769 mg/g reported for low molecular weight chitosan (LMW), but notably higher than 0.331 mg/g documented for high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) 19 …”

“…The ammonium adsorption capacity of 0.77 mg/g achieved in this study was comparable with 0.769 mg/g reported for low molecular weight chitosan (LMW), but notably higher than 0.331 mg/g documented for high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC). 19 In addition, data showed in Table 1 revealed that the treatment of groundwater with NaACC resulted in a notable increase of COD and BOD 5 from initial levels of 13.5 and 44.0 mg/L to 41.0 and 125.5 mg/L, respectively. This is attributed to the enhancement of total microbial colonies from 1050 to 9500 CFU/ml.…”

“…Adsorption has been received considerable attention by worldwide researchers because of high effectiveness and economic for treatment of ammonium. 17,18 Therefore, numerous adsorbents have been developed to study their adsorptive performance on ammonium such as activated zeolite and chitosan, 19 greensand, 20 biochar, 17,[21][22][23][24] activated carbon, 18 clay minerals, 25 fiber, 26 magnetically modified excess sludge, 27 NaA zeolites, 28 and banana peels (BPs). 29 It was reported that the characteristics of surface chemistry is more important than surface area and pore structure of adsorbents in adsorption of inorganic compounds from aqueous solution.…”

Antifungal Properties of Nanosilver Clay Composites Against Fungal Pathogens of Agaricus bisporus

“…[43] A small band at 1438 cm À 1 is ascribed to the stretching vibration of CO 3 2À of calcite. [43] Although AgNP-zeolite showed similar peaks, slight alterations are observed in bands located on the 3700-3100 range cm À 1 and regions from 1020 to 600 cm À 1 affected by metal cations' interaction with the zeolite surface. A noticeable difference was the appearance of a peak at 1384 cm À 1 , which indicated the existence of Ag in the composite, and this result agreed with that reported by Zhang et al [44] The FT-IR spectra demonstrated the inflexibility of the silicate structure and the non-bond chemical interface between the silicate structure and AgNPs in the composite.…”

Embedding Nano-adsorbents Within Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs): A Review

“…The size of chitosan may vary such as 205 nm chitosan derived from crab shell [51], 331 nm from shrimp shell [52] and 1.1 nm synthesized from fish scales [53]. Chitosan and zeolite have been extensively being used to treat contaminants that commonly present in urban stormwater and runoff such as ammonia nitrogen [54,55], phosphate [56], dye and heavy metal [50,57].…”