Ammonium polyphosphate chemically-modified with ethanolamine as an efficient intumescent flame retardant for polypropylene

Shao, Zhu-Bao; Deng, Cong; Tan, Yi; Yu, Li; Chen, Mingjun; Chen, Li; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1039/c4ta02778g

Cited by 242 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Shao and Wang reported a series of modified APP by cation exchange with different alicyclic and aliphatic amines, and successfully applied them in polypropylene (PP) as the mono-component polymeric intumescent flame retardant, resulting in desired flame retardance. [39][40][41] In addition, EP is almost useless in uncured state. It is indicated that the value of curing agent to it is unambiguous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Novel Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Tan

Shao

Chen

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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227

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A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid was designed and prepared based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by cation exchange with diethylenetriamine (DETA), abbreviated as DETA-APP. Then DETA-APP was used as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin (EP). Curing behavior, including the curing kinetic parameters, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flame retardance and burning behavior of DETA-APP cured EP were also evaluated. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of DETA-APP/EP was enhanced to 30.5% with only 15 wt % of DETA-APP incorporated; and the UL-94 V-0 rating could be easily passed through with only 10 wt % of the hybrid. Compared with DETA/EP, the peak-heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak-smoke production release (SPR) of DETA-APP/EP (15 wt % addition), obtained from cone calorimetry, were dropped by 68.3, 79.3, 79.0, and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting excellent flame-retardant and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanism of DETA-APP/EP has been investigated comprehensively. The results of all the aforementioned studies distinctly confirmed that DETA-APP was an effective flame-retardant curing agent for EP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Preparation of DETA-APP. The procedure for preparing DETA-APP was illustrated as Scheme 1, according to the previous literatures [39][40][41] . The reaction was occurred on the surface of APP, making the APP core covering with aliphatic multi-amine shell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Tan

Shao

Chen

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Self Cite

227

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“…The reduction in the N and P contents during the combustion is due to volatilization of the generated gas and transfer of these elements to interior char. The transferred N and P contribute to form nitrogenous-carbonaceous and phospho-carbonaceous cross-linking structures, which can improve the stability of the residue[56,57]. According to SEM, FTIR and XPS analysis, the efficient intumescent flame retardant property of PHMGP-APP assembly coating are due to the synergistic effect of PHMGP with APP by promoting the formation of stable intumescent protective char with plentiful nitrogenous-carbonaceous and phospho-carbonaceous cross-linking structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Construction of intumescent flame retardant and antimicrobial coating on cotton fabric via layer-by-layer assembly technology

Fang

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2015

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…The condensed-phase formation of P-N-C structures during combustion is also an efficient method to enhance the ame-retardant efficiency of PP. In our previous papers, [16][17][18] APPs modied with ethylenediamine (EDA), ethanolamine (ETA) or piperazine (PIP) were incorporated alone into PP. The results also indicated that P-N-C structures were formed during combustion, which could enhance the ame-retardant efficiency for PP.…”

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene

et al. 2017

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Traditional phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) flame-retardant systems for polypropylene (PP) always act through joint action of the gaseous phase and condensed phase, and are accompanied with a decrease of the thermal stability and water resistance. In this work, a novel mono-component and gas-dominated flame retardant, named DPPIP, was prepared through an amidation reaction of diphenylphosphinyl chloride and piperazine, and used to flame retard PP. Experimental results confirmed that both the thermal stability and water resistance of PP/DPPIP were improved. The initial thermal decomposition temperature of PP/25 wt% DPPIP at 5 wt% weight loss was 287.5 C under air atmosphere, which is higher than that of neat PP (266.1 C). Besides, a water-resistance test verified that PP/25 wt% DPPIP had a weight loss of only about 0.52 wt%. More importantly, the flame retardant ability of PP/25 wt% DPPIP had been greatly improved, passing the V-0 rating (UL-94). Furthermore, after the water-resistance test, the LOI value of PP/25 wt% DPPIP exhibited nearly no difference and still passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. A cone calorimeter (CC) result indicated that DPPIP had a positive effect on inhibiting heat release of PP during combustion. All of these combustion tests displayed that there was no char left. The flame retardant mechanism of DPPIP was investigated with py-GC/MS and TG-FTIR. The results illustrated that the gaseous phase resulting from the thermal decomposition of DPPIP played the leading role in the self-extinguishing behavior of PP/DPPIP, which consisted of a large amount of inflammable gaseous products such as piperazine and its derivatives, and phosphorus-containing structures.

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Ammonium polyphosphate chemically-modified with ethanolamine as an efficient intumescent flame retardant for polypropylene

Cited by 242 publications

References 31 publications

Novel Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Novel Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Construction of intumescent flame retardant and antimicrobial coating on cotton fabric via layer-by-layer assembly technology

A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene

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