Amniotic Fluid Volume Assessment in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies

Magann, Everett F.; Martin, James N.

doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70100-5

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Normal human development is approximately a 40 week process that is divided into three trimesters of gestation (106)(107)(108)(109)(110). During the first trimester, cellular division and organogenesis occurs, leading to the development of all organ systems of the fetus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amniotic fluid volume is greatest at approximately 34 weeks of gestation, when it averages 800 ml, with approximately 600 ml of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus at full term (40 weeks gestation). This fluid is constantly circulated by the fetus in swallowing and "inhaling" existing fluid and replacing it through "exhalation" and urination (108,116,123,(128)(129)(130)(131)(132)(133)(134)(135).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Myers

Zamora

Ali

et al. 2008

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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Previous studies from this laboratory have focused on the characterization of blood protein adducts formed in utero as a result of maternal smoking during pregnancy. These biological samples, obtained during the third trimester of pregnancy, at delivery, have clearly shown a correlation between maternal smoking histories and exposure of the fetus to tobacco smoke carcinogens, including 4-aminobiphenyl and benzo(a)pyrene. In the present study, we examined exposure of the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy to various environmental carcinogens, particularly those found in tobacco smoke. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from women undergoing routine amniocentesis between 16 and 20 weeks gestational age. Amniotic fluid, produced by the fetal lungs and kidneys, is an important part of pregnancy and fetal development and this fluid surrounds the fetus throughout pregnancy. In these studies, samples of amniotic fluid were obtained from nonsmokers as well as 0.5 pack per day smokers, 1.0 pack per day smokers, and greater than 2.0 pack per day smokers. Maternal smoking status was determined by questionnaire as well as assessment of amniotic fluid for 39 Downloaded by [University of Kent] at 15:01 07 December 2014 40 S. R. Myers et al. cotinine via immunoassay. Amniotic fluid samples were extracted and analyzed for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A clear correlation was found between levels of maternal smoking and PAHs in the amniotic fluid.Amniotic fluid 1-hydroxypyrene levels ranged from 1.54 ± 0.12 µg/L in nonsmokers to 11.72 ± 0.67 µg/L in women smoking greater than 2 pks/da, indicating approximately a 10X increase over nonsmokers. Similar results were found 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, 6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, and 3,6-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, metabolites of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene as well as with the 9-hydroxy and 9,10-dihydroxy metabolites of anthracene. The 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite of 5-methylchrysene was found to range in concentrations from 1.65 ± 0.11 µg/L in nonsmokers to 12.67 ± 0.79 µg/L in greater than 2 packs per day smokers.These results demonstrate that amniotic fluid can serve as a biological marker of exposure to tobacco related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Identification of potentially harmful compounds detected at an early stage of pregnancy may prevent subsequent exposures to the fetus and as a result decrease the risk of potential genotoxic as well as teratogenic events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Myers

Zamora

Ali

et al. 2008

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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“…The di-di amniotic fluid volume criterion is basically the same as for singleton gestations, with the range for oligohydramnios <318 mL and the range for polyhydramnios >2100 mL. 4,5 Within each method of measuring amniotic fluid, there are ranges for normal, oligohydramnios, and polyhydramnios, as well as varying degrees of accuracy as determined by comparison to the dyedetermined method.…”

Section: Normal Afvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In either case, the largest pocket is always the one measured and reported. [1][2][3][4]7 The AFI, LVP, and 2 DP methods are consistent methods of evaluating the relative amount of AFV and are the quickest noninvasive, semiquantitative methods that sonographers have to objectively assess the amount of amniotic fluid in singleton and twin gestations. 1,2,3,7 The AFI, LVP, 2 DP, and the subjective visual methods are not as accurate as the time-consuming and invasive dye-determined technique, especially when the amount of fluid is outside the subjective normal ranges or when oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios is present in either of the gestational sacs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,3,7 The AFI, LVP, 2 DP, and the subjective visual methods are not as accurate as the time-consuming and invasive dye-determined technique, especially when the amount of fluid is outside the subjective normal ranges or when oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios is present in either of the gestational sacs. [1][2][3][4] Because there is no definitive standard method for sonographers to measure the exact amount of amniotic fluid, and the method varies from site to site, it is up to the sonographer and the interpreting physician to agree on the method used to obtain an assessment of the amniotic fluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accuracy of Sonographic Amniotic Fluid Volume Assessments in Diamniotic Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Literature Review

Ackerman

2007

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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This literature review is meant to bring to light the controversy over the most accurate method to assess the amniotic fluid volumes (AFV) in diamniotic-dichorionic (di-di) twin gestations. It is hoped that this may initiate consideration of a standardized method so that all sonographers and interpreting physicians will consistently use the same method. There is no definitive standard method for sonographers to obtain an accurate amount of amniotic fluid. Commonly, sonographers and interpreting physicians agree that the most practical and accurate methods for sonographers to use are the amniotic fluid index, largest vertical pocket, and the two-diameter pocket methods. Although these measurements are fast, noninvasive, and relatively consistent in evaluating the relative amount of AFV, only the dye-determined technique is 100% accurate, especially when the AFV is outside the subjective normal ranges and either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios is present.

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Esophageal atresia in twins compared to singletons: In utero manifestation and characteristics

et al. 2020

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Objective: Esophageal atresia with/without tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is more common among twins. The detection of polyhydramnios might be altered in twins, leading to EA/TEF underdiagnosis, prenatally. The aim of the study was to compare the prenatal manifestation of EA/TEF between twins and singletons. Methods: A 12-year study of EA/TEF cases was performed at a tertiary center. Cases exhibiting (a) small/absent stomach or (b) polyhydramnios were considered "suspected"; cases with (c) esophageal pouch were considered "detected." We compared the rate and timing of appearance of these signs between the groups.

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Amniotic Fluid Volume Assessment in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Amniotic Fluid Samples From Smokers and Nonsmokers

Accuracy of Sonographic Amniotic Fluid Volume Assessments in Diamniotic Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Literature Review

Esophageal atresia in twins compared to singletons: In utero manifestation and characteristics

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