Amorphous carbon nanotube residue modification of solgel-synthesized C-, N-doped TiO2 for photocatalytic applications

State-of-the-Art Review on Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application

“…Xylene, ferrocene, and triethylsilane Network or aligned, coiled, V-shaped, and ribbon-like aCNTs with different raw material ratios [45][46][47][48] Electron cyclotron resonance-CVD, AAM as template, acetylene and Ar as precursor, ca. 100 • C for 4 min Aligned hydrogenated aCNTs [49] Mesoporous silica SBA-15 as matrix, Fe 2 O 3 as catalyst, and hexane as carbon source aCNTs [50] Co-Ni as catalyst and acetylene as carbon source aCNTs [51] Acetylene as carbon source and iron-coated indium tin oxide as substrate Indium oxide encapsulated in aCNTs [52] Catalytic pyrolysis Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and ferrous chloride aCNTs [8,53] AAM as template and ferrocene as raw material aCNTs encapsulated with iron oxide nanoparticles [54,55] Fe-Co/CaCO 3 as bimetallic catalyst and ethylene as carbon source aCNTs or N-doped aCNTs (N 2 as gas carrier) [56][57][58] Co/RGO as catalyst and ethanol as carbon source aCNTs/RGO composite [59] Lowtemperature synthesis…”

“…Furthermore, confined by AAM, the pyrolysis of ferrocene yields the aCNTs encapsulated with the iron oxide [54]. Bimetallic Fe-Co/CaCO3-catalytic pyrolysis of ethylene or mixtures of ethylene and nitrogen is a method to prepare aCNTs or N-doped aCNTs [56,57]. Using typical triple-coaxial electro- In addition, self-catalytic decomposition of ferrocene in benzene at low temperatures (<210 • C) can result in long bundles of aCNTs [95].…”

“…Furthermore, confined by AAM, the pyrolysis of ferrocene yields the aCNTs encapsulated with the iron oxide [54]. Bimetallic Fe-Co/CaCO 3 -catalytic pyrolysis of ethylene or mixtures of ethylene and nitrogen is a method to prepare aCNTs or N-doped aCNTs [56,57]. Using typical triple-coaxial electrospinning, polyacrylonitrile (PAN, carbon source), nickel acetate (Ni(Ac) 2 , Ni catalyst source), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, template) can be transformed into aCNTs decorated with nanospheres of graphitic carbon [38].…”

“…For example, nanohybrids of aCNT and transition metal dichalcogenides have application potential for many fields, e.g., the easily produced aCNT-MoS 2 can serve in the removal of toxic dyes from water or as a supercapacitor [63,67,73]. The TiO 2 -aCNT nanohybrid shows improved photocatalytic properties, and the nanohybrid of aligned TiO 2 nanotubes coated with AaCNTs exhibits a high field emission current density and application potential in the fields of dye or colorant adsorption and of field emission [43,[56][57][58]. Combined with MnO 2 (or with polypyrrole as a ternary nanohybrid), the aCNT-MnO 2 nanohybrid demonstrates excellent energy storage and field emission properties [42,[70][71][72]89,131].…”