“…Solar cells can be roughly divided into bulk-and thin-film devices, based on their structures. The thin-film materials include CdTe, amorphous silicon, and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) [1,2]. Among all thin-film solar cells, CIGS and related materials possess great potential because of a high optical absorption, adjustable band-gap, and stable photo-degradation [3,4].…”