Amoxicillin on polyglutamic acid composite three-dimensional graphene modified electrode: Reaction mechanism of amoxicillin insights by computational simulations

Synthesis of a novel diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)chloride complex and its voltammetric application for detection of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical and biological samples

“… Substrate modifier Dynamic range (μM) LoD (μM) refs. GCE CB–DHP 2–16.1 0.12 [ 1 ] GCE AuNP–PdNP-ErGO 30–350 9.0 [ 20 ] GCE PGA/3D-GE 2–60 0.118 [ 21 ] GCE rGO/Nafion 1.8–5.4 0.36 [ 22 ] GCE Cu/Zn-mMOF 1.0–205 0.36 [ 23 ] GCE Poly(AHNSA) 10–150 0.0099 [ 24 ] GCE Poly(A 2 P 2 CuC) 2–100 0.0115 This work …”

“…Advances in electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and stripping voltammetry with their fast response, high sensitivity, easy operation, and cost-effective [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], have been widely used for the determination of drugs [ 18 , 19 ]. Recent attempts on AMX determination using electrodes modified with various materials include Au-PdNPs/rGO [ 20 ], PGA/3D-GE [ 21 ], rGO/Nafion [ 22 ], Cu/ZnmMOF [ 23 ], and poly(AHNSA) [ 24 ], most of which have limitations such as high costs, unavailability, and cumbersome modification procedures.…”

A New Approach for the Voltammetric Determination of Amoxicillin in the Dosage Form Using Azo Coupling Reaction with Sulphanilamide

“…Consequently, as follows from literature data review, the use of azo copling reaction to obtaine an analytical form for AM voltammetric determination was proposed for the first time. Comparing the LOD of the developed methods for AM determination with known ones (Table 6), it should be noted, that the proposed methods are less sensitive than methods of AM examined using SWV or DPV [16,[23][24][25], but they are more sensitive than chronoamperometric [18,19], CV [19] and even than SWV [17] methods. As a result, it can be concluded that if we use SWV or DPV methods to our proposed analytical form of AM azo compound with diazotized SA, we can significantly increase the sensitivity of AM determination.…”

“…In most of VA methods, listed in Table 6, AM is determined directly due to the value of the electrochemical oxidation current, only the paper [25] describes the DPV determination of AM, carried out by the product of long-term acid proteolysis under the action of 0.1 M HCl on heating at 85°C; and in the manuscript [26] AM is tested as a complex compound with Ni(II). However, according to the papers [16][17][18][19][23][24][25], considerable time is necessary to prepare or modify paste or glass-carbon electrodes using complex chemical or electrochemical procedures during of 0.5-1.0 h for each individual AM determination, which significantly increases the duration of analysis and worsens the results reproducibility. Considering the above-mentioned, the developed method can be proposed for serial analysis of dosage forms of AM.…”

“…The methods of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) with carbon black within a dihexadecylphosphate film [21], or polyglutamic acid/glutaraldehyde film [22] as electrochemical sensor are used for AM determination. Using SWV the electrochemical sensors based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by three-dimensional graphene (3D-GE) and polyglutamic acid (PGA) was developed to detect of AM quantitatively due to the oxidation peak at + 0.17 V [23] as well as the electrochemical device based on a combination of nanomaterials such as Printex 6 L Carbon and cadmium telluride quantum dots within a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate film was developed for AM sensitive determination due to magnitude of the anodic peak current [24]. To determine AM indirectly, an ion exchange voltammetric technique in differential pulse mode (DPV) on the poly (N-chloranil N, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylene diammonium dichloride)-modified hanging mercury drop electrode [25] is used.…”