Amphotericin B lipid complex as prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing induction chemotherapy

Abstract

Ab initio quantum chemical computations have been done to determine the energetics and reaction pathways of hydroformylation of higher alkenes using a rhodium complex homogeneous catalyst. Calculation of fragments of the potential energy surfaces of the HRh(CO)(PPh3)3‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐decene, 1‐dodecene, and styrene were performed by the restricted Hartree‐Fock method at the second‐order MØller‐Plesset (MP2) level of perturbation theory and basis set of 6‐31++G(d,p). Geometrically optimized structures of the intermediates and transition states were identified. Three generalized rate models were developed on the basis of above reaction path analysis as well as experimental findings reported in the literature. The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the models were estimated by nonlinear least square regression of available literature data. The model based on H2‐oxidative addition fitted the data best; it predicts the conversion of all the alkenes quite satisfactorily with an average deviation of 7.6% and a maximum deviation of 13%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

Open-Label, Randomized Comparison of Itraconazole versus Caspofungin for Prophylaxis in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

“…c Less than 3 days' treatment was thought to be insufficient for evaluating the drug as prophylaxis (rather than treatment). (13)(14)(15). Interestingly, two patients in the caspofungin group in our current study developed Trichosporon infection and one developed Fusarium infection, findings that support the lack of in vitro activity of the echinocandins against Trichosporon spp.…”

“…Prophylactic fluconazole has been shown to significantly reduce the number of yeast infections and the need for empirical amphotericin B in such patients (19). Unfortunately, none of the prophylactic antifungal regimens in current use are demonstrably superior for preventing invasive aspergillosis (13)(14)(15), and thus both an effective regimen and a way of identifying patients at particular risk of invasive fungal infection are still needed.…”

Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Caused by Amphotericin B Lipid Complex and Liposomal Amphotericin B

“…We also reviewed information regarding concomitant nephrotoxic drugs or agents, prehydration (saline loading), comorbidities (for example, diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease), age of patient populations, and average daily dose between the studies. In all 8 studies analyzed, ABLC and L-AmB were administered at recommended doses (5 mg/kg and 3Y5 mg/kg, respectively), with the exception of the study by Fleming et al,9 in which the daily dose of ABLC was lower than that of L-AmB; in the report by Mattiuzzi et al,20 in which the daily dose of ABLC was also lower but similar to the L-AmB arm; and in the study by Hachem et al, 11 where patients received doses of ABLC or L-AmB up to 10 mg/kg. See Table 1 for a summary of the characteristics of the 8 studies included in the meta-analysis.…”

Efficacy and safety of intravenous voriconazole and intravenous itraconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome

“…We have previously reported our experience with antifungal prophylaxis in these patients, including our experience with azoles, amphotericin B lipid formulations, and echinocandins [3][4][5][6].…”