Ampicillin Penetration Into the Rabbit Eye

Salminen, Leena

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1978.tb03817.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A rabbit study evaluated the total concentration of penicillin in ocular tissues and found extremely high levels of penicillin in all ocular tissues except the lens and vitreous [8]. Similarly, inadequate levels of ampicillin were found in the vitreous of rabbit eyes following administration of intravenous ampicillin of 50 mg/kg [9]. In contrast, in 1998, Robinet et al demonstrated the ability of piperacillin to adequately penetrate the vitreous cavity in humans, at concentrations sufficient to kill Grampositive organisms in inflamed eyes only [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous administration of Penicillin results in therapeutic intravitreal levels in chronic postoperative endophthalmitis

Thabet

Gottlieb

Hurley

et al. 2021

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Importance The role of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis remains controversial. While penicillin is a highly effective antibiotic against bacteria that frequently cause endophthalmitis, the ability of systemically administered Penicillin G to penetrate into the vitreous at adequate therapeutic concentrations has not been studied. Its role in the treatment of endophthalmitis, particularly for bacteria for which it is the antibiotic of choice, therefore remains unknown. Objective We sought to determine whether intravenous administration of Penicillin G leads to adequate therapeutic concentrations in the vitreous for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. Design and setting This study was conducted in an ambulatory setting, at the Ottawa Hospital Eye Institute, a university-affiliated tertiary care center, where a 77-year old gentleman with chronic post-cataract surgery Actinomyces neuii endophathalmitis was treated with intravenous Penicillin G (4 × 106 units every 4 h) and intravitreal ampicillin (5000μg/0.1 m1). Main outcomes and measures Intravitreal concentration of Penicillin G and ampicillin were obtained at the time of intraocular lens removal, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The intravitreal concentration of penicillin and ampicillin was 3.5μg/ml and 0.3μg/ml, respectively. Both the concentration of penicillin and ampicillin were within the level of detection of their respective assays (penicillin 0.06-5μg/ml, ampicillin 0.12–2.5μg/ml). Conclusion and relevance This study shows that intravenous Penicillin G administered every four-hours allows for adequate intravitreal concentrations of penicillin. Future studies are required to determine if the results of this study translate into improved clinical outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous administration of Penicillin results in therapeutic intravitreal levels in chronic postoperative endophthalmitis

Thabet

Gottlieb

Hurley

et al. 2021

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Poor vitreal penetration of ampicillin and amoxicillin were demonstrated in rabbit models [23][24]. Similarly, insufficient vitreous concentrations of piperacillin were demonstrated in human eyes with diverse operative status [25].…”

Section: Penicillinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Revisiting systemic treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis: a review of intravitreal penetration of systemic antibiotics

Brockhaus

Goldblum

Eggenschwiler

et al. 2019

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy for treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis is controversial but common practice due to the severity of the disease. In absence of guidance documents, several antibiotic regimens are being used without applying evidence-based prescribing, thus leading to inappropriate treatment of this serious eye condition. Objectives: To summarize available data on intravitreal penetration of systemically administered antibiotics and to discuss their usefulness from a microbiological and pharmacological point of view. Sources: We performed a systematic PubMed search of studies investigating antibiotic concentrations in the vitreous after systemic administration in humans, and selected animal models. Content: The best-documented agents achieving therapeutic levels in the vitreous are meropenem, linezolid and moxifloxacin. Vancomycin, cefazoline, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole reach levels justifying their use in specific situations. Available data do not support the use of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, aminoglycosides, aminopenicillins, piperacillin, cefepime, and clarithromycin. With very limited but available promising data, the use of daptomycin and rifampicin deserves further investigation. Implications: The choice of the adjunctive systemic antibiotic agent -in situations where considered relevant for treatment -must to date be made on an individual base, considering microbiological aspects as well as operative status and inflammation of the eye. This review

show abstract

“…However, data on their penetration into the eye are unclear, and there are no human studies to address this. Studies in rabbits have shown unsatisfactory concentrations of ampicillin and penicillin in the anterior chamber of the eye following intravenous administration with and without probenecid (13,14). Standard management for bacterial endophthalmitis includes intravitreal injections of ceftazidime and vancomycin; neither of these drugs is active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).…”

Section: Disclosuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus gallinarum endophthalmitis and meningitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient: A case report and literature review

Friedman

Chesdachai

Shweta

et al. 2021

Official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus gallinarum, an organism with intrinsic resistance to vancomycin, has rarely been reported. We present a case of persistent E. gallinarum bacteremia in a female recipient of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) complicated by endophthalmitis and meningoventriculitis, resulting in a fatal outcome despite treatment with intravenous ampicillin and daptomycin. Treatment of endophthalmitis often presents a challenge due to the lack of options for antimicrobials with reliable ocular penetration. Therapeutic decisions can become particularly complex with the involvement of drug-resistant pathogens and host characteristics that limit the choice of antimicrobials due to drug toxicity. This case illustrates a rare manifestation of an opportunistic pathogen.

show abstract

Ampicillin Penetration Into the Rabbit Eye

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Intravenous administration of Penicillin results in therapeutic intravitreal levels in chronic postoperative endophthalmitis

Intravenous administration of Penicillin results in therapeutic intravitreal levels in chronic postoperative endophthalmitis

Revisiting systemic treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis: a review of intravitreal penetration of systemic antibiotics

Enterococcus gallinarum endophthalmitis and meningitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient: A case report and literature review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About