AMPK Is Involved in Regulating the Utilization of Carbon Sources, Conidiation, Pathogenicity, and Stress Response of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Abstract

NT fungi are widely distributed in various ecosystems and are important factors in the control of nematode populations in nature; their trophic mycelia can form unique infectious devices (traps) for capturing nematodes. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a representative NT fungi which can develop complex three-dimensional networks (adhesive networks) for nematode predation. Here, we demonstrated that AMPK plays an important role in the glycerol utilization, conidiation, trap formation, and nematode predation of A. oligospora , which was further confirmed by transcriptomic analysis of the wild-type and mutant strains.

New viruses of Cladosporium sp. expand considerably the taxonomic structure of Gammapartitivirus genus

“…Therefore, we recommend that the genus delimitation criteria for this viral family be modified to allow the incorporation of these 16 isolates representing 14 to 16 new species from the additional clade within the genus Gammapartitivirus. The distinction of two clades within Gammapartitivirus has recently been proposed by Wang et al [41]. However, taking into account the above considerations and the specificity of this new capsid, which differs significantly from the capsids of the viruses assigned to clade I or II of the genus Gammapartitivirus, we propose the creation of a subgenus that brings together the 16 viruses of clade III presented in this work.…”

“…2). The four sequences did not have a poly-A tail and showed a GC content between 45.1 and 52.7 %, which corresponded to the average GC content values for dsRNA viruses in general including Partitiviridae [41]. An RT-like super family conserved domain was detected on Contig1 and 3 using CDsearch.…”

The cAMP‐PKA signalling pathway regulates hyphal growth, conidiation, trap morphogenesis, stress tolerance, and autophagy in Arthrobotrys oligospora

“…Traps of NT fungi are key devices for nematode predation, and trap morphogenesis is a sophisticated process regulated by diverse cellular processes, such as signal transduction (Wang et al, 2022;Xie et al, 2022b;Zhu et al, 2022), energy metabolism (Yang et al, 2011), small molecule compounds (Stadler et al, 1993;Wei et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2021), Woronin body (Liang et al, 2017), peroxisome (Liu et al, 2022), autophagy (Zhou et al, 2020(Zhou et al, , 2022a(Zhou et al, , 2022b, and cell communication (Youssar et al, 2019). In this study, signal transduction, energy metabolism, small molecule metabolism, and redox-related processes were also enriched in KEGG and GO analyses of the transcriptome (Figure 6C,D).…”

AoSte12 Is Required for Mycelial Development, Conidiation, Trap Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism by Regulating Hyphal Fusion in Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

“…The disruption of the Aoste12 gene was performed using a modified yeast cloning procedure, as previously described ( 67 , 68 ). The 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences of the Aoste12 gene and the hph cassette were amplified from A. oligospora genome DNA and pCSN44, respectively, using the paired primers listed in Table S1.…”

“…The 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences of the Aoste12 gene and the hph cassette were amplified from A. oligospora genome DNA and pCSN44, respectively, using the paired primers listed in Table S1. The amplified fragments and the linearized pRS426 plasmid were cotransformed into S. cerevisiae (FY834) to obtain the correct knockout vector pRS426-AoSte12-hph, and the disruption sequences were amplified from it using Ste12LF1 and Ste12RR1 and then transformed into A. oligospora protoplasts, as previously described ( 67 , 68 ). The positive transformants were confirmed via PCR and Southern blotting, as described previously ( 45 , 69 ).…”