Amylose in Floridean Starch

McCracken, Derek A.; Cain, Jerome R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb04568.x

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Red algae were first thought to accumulate starch devoid of amylose in the cytoplasm. The presence of amylose was, however, relatively recently reported for a number of unicellular red algae, including Rhodella violacea (26). Older reports characterizing the structure of starch in cryptophytes and dinoflagellates clearly mention the presence of amylose in these polysaccharides (1,2,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Nature of the Periplastidial Pathway of Starch Synthesis in the CryptophyteGuillardia theta

et al. 2006

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The nature of the periplastidial pathway of starch biosynthesis was investigated with the model cryptophyte Guillardia theta. The storage polysaccharide granules were shown to be composed of both amylose and amylopectin fractions with a chain length distribution and crystalline organization very similar to those of starch from green algae and land plants. Most starch granules displayed a shape consistent with biosynthesis occurring around the pyrenoid through the rhodoplast membranes. A protein with significant similarity to the amylose-synthesizing granule-bound starch synthase 1 from green plants was found as the major polypeptide bound to the polysaccharide matrix. N-terminal sequencing of the mature protein proved that the precursor protein carries a nonfunctional transit peptide in its bipartite topogenic signal sequence which is cleaved without yielding transport of the enzyme across the two inner plastid membranes. The enzyme was shown to display similar affinities for ADP and UDP-glucose, while the V max measured with UDP-glucose was twofold higher. The granule-bound starch synthase from Guillardia theta was demonstrated to be responsible for the synthesis of long glucan chains and therefore to be the functional equivalent of the amylose-synthesizing enzyme of green plants. Preliminary characterization of the starch pathway suggests that Guillardia theta utilizes a UDP-glucose-based pathway to synthesize starch.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, at first this material was shown to lack amylose, the minor polysaccharide fraction of starch that contains fewer than 1% ␣-1,6 linkages (for reviews concerning starch structure and amylose synthesis, see references 4 and 8). It was later found that some unicellular red algae did accumulate amylose within their floridean starch granules (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of the Periplastidial Pathway of Starch Synthesis in the CryptophyteGuillardia theta

et al. 2006

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“…Nevertheless, the absence of amylose fraction does not appear to define a universal feature of floridean starch. Extended survey of floridean starch composition highlights the presence of a significant amylose fraction in the genus Porphyridiales (McCracken and Cain 1981;Shimonaga et al 2007). Floridean starch defines a semicrystalline polysaccharide whose crystallinity ranges from 16 to 36 % depending on red alga species (Shimonaga et al 2008).…”

Section: Starch Metabolism and Structure In Rhodophyceaementioning

confidence: 99%

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

Ball

Colleoni

Arias

2015

Starch

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'-1,4-linked glucan chains branched through '-1,6 glucosidic lineages define the most frequently found storage polysaccharides in living cells. These glucans come in two very distinct forms known as glycogen and starch. The small water-soluble glycogen particles distribute widely in Archaea, Bacteria, and heterotrophic eukaryotes, while semicrystalline solid starch seems to be restricted to photosynthetic eukaryotes. This review focusses on the so-called glycosylnucleotide-dependent pathway of starch and glycogen synthesis. Through comparative biochemistry of storage polysaccharide metabolism in distinct clades, we will review the evidence sustaining that starch has evolved from preexisting glycogen metabolism several times during the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. This review will also describe the possible function of storage polysaccharide metabolism in establishing metabolic symbiosis during plastid endosymbiosis. We will detail the evidence sustaining that storage polysaccharide metabolism was used by three distinct organisms to establish a tripartite symbiosis that facilitated metabolic integration of free-living cyanobacteria into evolving organelles.

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“…Зеленые водоросли запасают углеводы в виде крахмала (амилозы), у Rhodophyta запасным углеводом является флоридский крахмал (амилопектин), а бурые водоросли накапливают глюкозный полисахарид ламинарин (Roberts, Whelan, 1960;Chesters, Bull, 1963;McCracken, Cain, 1981;Zemke-White, Clements, 1999). Известно, что фермент амилаза может разрушать амилозу и амилопектин, а ламинариназа расщепляет ламинарин до простых сахаров и, прежде всего, глюкозы (Roberts, Whelan, 1960;Chesters, Bull, 1963).…”

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Bioethanol production from a marine alga, Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh (Chlorophyta)

Smith¹,

Smith²

2018

Algologia

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Amylose in Floridean Starch

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Nature of the Periplastidial Pathway of Starch Synthesis in the CryptophyteGuillardia theta

Nature of the Periplastidial Pathway of Starch Synthesis in the CryptophyteGuillardia theta

The Transition from Glycogen to Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotes

Bioethanol production from a marine alga, Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh (Chlorophyta)

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