Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Status in Diagnostic Biomarkers

Kadena, Katerina; Vlamos, Panayiotis

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_26

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The incidence of ALS ranges between 0.6 and 3.8 per 100,000 person-years, with higher rates in Europe between 2.1 and 3.8 per 100,000 person-years [ 5 ], while lower rates were observed in African, Hispanic and Asian populations [ 6 ]. With aging, the incidence increases, particularly after 40 years of age [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence rates of ALS range between 4.1 and 8.4 per 100,000 persons [ 5 ]. Furthermore, Kadena and Vlamos pointed that it is expected that the population of ALS patients will increase significantly between 2015 and 2040 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sci. 2021, 22, 9832 2 of 17 were observed in African, Hispanic and Asian populations [6]. With aging, the incidence increases, particularly after 40 years of age [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Concepts on Genetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Janković

Novaković

Dawod

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), neurodegenerative motor neuron disorder is characterized as multisystem disease with important contribution of genetic factors. The etiopahogenesis of ALS is not fully elucidate, but the dominant theory at present relates to RNA processing, as well as protein aggregation and miss-folding, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammation and epigenetic dysregulation. Additionally, as mitochondria plays a leading role in cellular homeostasis maintenance, a rising amount of evidence indicates mitochondrial dysfunction as a substantial contributor to disease onset and progression. The aim of this review is to summarize most relevant findings that link genetic factors in ALS pathogenesis with different mechanisms with mitochondrial involvement (respiratory chain, OXPHOS control, calcium buffering, axonal transport, inflammation, mitophagy, etc.). We highlight the importance of a widening perspective for better understanding overlapping pathophysiological pathways in ALS and neurodegeneration in general. Finally, current and potentially novel therapies, especially gene specific therapies, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are discussed briefly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Concepts on Genetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Janković

Novaković

Dawod

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The Quorum blockchain [5] and R3 Corda [51] also provide an option to use Raft as the consensus protocol. The private version of Kadena blockchain [9] uses the ScalableBFT [225] protocol which is heavily inspired by Tangaroa [77], a BFT version of Raft. Raft and Kafka are two crash fault-tolerant protocols that do not tolerate Byzantine failures, and Tangaroa is neither safe nor live [62].…”

Section: Bft In the Partially Synchronous Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

BFT in Blockchains: From Protocols to Use Cases

et al. 2022

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A blockchain is a distributed system that achieves strong security guarantees in storing, managing, and processing data. All blockchains achieve a common goal: building a decentralized system that provides a trustworthy service in an untrustworthy environment. A blockchain builds a Byzantine fault-tolerant system where decentralized nodes run a protocol to reach an agreement on the common system state. In this article, we focus on the research of BFT protocols. In particular, we categorize BFT protocols according to both the system models and workflow. We seek to answer a few important questions: How has the research in BFT evolved in the past four decades, especially with the rise of blockchains? What are the driven needs for BFT research in the future?

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“…The diagnosis of ALS is achieved by the combination of clinical data and neurophysiological evidence of motor neuron degeneration, together with symptom progression, leading to a delay between onset and diagnosis that limits prompt intervention. Therefore, the discovery of new biomarkers easily accessible and quickly detectable represents a priority for early diagnosis, patient stratification, and evaluation of the therapeutic and rehabilitative effectiveness . Moreover, biomarkers that ensure a precise discrimination between diseased and healthy individuals can lead to radically new diagnostic tools and offer crucial insights into the pathogenic molecular mechanisms …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear-Based Vibrational Spectroscopy Applied to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Ami

Duse

Mereghetti³

et al. 2021

Anal. Chem.

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Biofluid analysis by optical spectroscopy techniques is attracting considerable interest due to its potential to revolutionize diagnostics and precision medicine, particularly for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the lack of effective biomarkers combined with the unaccomplished identification of convenient biofluids has drastically hampered optical advancements in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we show that vibrational spectroscopy applied to human tears opens a new route, offering a non-invasive, label-free identification of a devastating disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our proposed approach has been validated using two widespread techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopies. In conjunction with multivariate analysis, this vibrational approach made it possible to discriminate between tears from ALS patients and healthy controls (HCs) with high specificity (∼97% and ∼100% for FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, respectively) and sensitivity (∼88% and ∼100% for FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, respectively). Additionally, the investigation of tears allowed us to disclose ALS spectroscopic markers related to protein and lipid alterations, as well as to a reduction of the phenylalanine level, in comparison with HCs. Our findings show that vibrational spectroscopy is a new potential ALS diagnostic approach and indicate that tears are a reliable and non-invasive source of ALS biomarkers.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Status in Diagnostic Biomarkers

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Current Concepts on Genetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Current Concepts on Genetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

BFT in Blockchains: From Protocols to Use Cases

Tear-Based Vibrational Spectroscopy Applied to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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