An accelerated sulfate resistance test for concrete

Loser, Roman; Leemann, Andreas

doi:10.1617/s11527-015-0731-2

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As testing methods ASTM C1012 [24], 1 the SVA test [25], and the accelerated test according to Swiss Standard SIA 262/1 Appendix D [26,27] were selected.…”

Section: Sulfate Resistance Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While ASTM C1012 and the SVA test are designated to assess the binder, SIA 262/1 Appendix D [26,27] is a method to test the concrete directly. Concrete cores with a diameter of 28 mm and a length of 150 mm are drilled out of larger samples cured for 28 days.…”

Section: Sulfate Resistance Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One participant used a modified version of SIA 262/1 Appendix D [26,27] to test the resistance of the slag-and fly ash-based mixtures to MgSO 4 attack. Four 50 mm 9 50 mm 9 285 mm concrete prisms were used (instead of six ø 20 mm 9 150 mm drilled cores as specified in the testing method documents).…”

Section: Sia 262/1 Appendix Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze–thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretes

et al. 2020

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The RILEM technical committee TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ conducted a round robin testing programme to determine the validity of various durability testing methods, originally developed for Portland cement based-concretes, for the assessment of the durability of alkali-activated concretes. The outcomes of the round robin tests evaluating sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and freeze–thaw resistance are presented in this contribution. Five different alkali-activated concretes, based on ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, or metakaolin were investigated. The extent of sulfate damage to concretes based on slag or fly ash seems to be limited when exposed to an Na2SO4 solution. The mixture based on metakaolin showed an excessive, very early expansion, followed by a dimensionally stable period, which cannot be explained at present. In the slag-based concretes, MgSO4 caused more expansion and visual damage than Na2SO4; however, the expansion limits defined in the respective standards were not exceeded. Both the ASTM C1293 and RILEM AAR-3.1 test methods for the determination of ASR expansion appear to give essentially reliable identification of expansion caused by highly reactive aggregates. Alkali-activated materials in combination with an unreactive or potentially expansive aggregate were in no case seen to cause larger expansions; only the aggregates of known very high reactivity were seen to be problematic. The results of freeze–thaw testing (with/without deicing salts) of alkali-activated concretes suggest an important influence of the curing conditions and experimental conditions on the test outcomes, which need to be understood before the tests can be reliably applied and interpreted.

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“…As testing methods ASTM C1012 [24], 1 the SVA test [25], and the accelerated test according to Swiss Standard SIA 262/1 Appendix D [26,27] were selected.…”

Section: Sulfate Resistance Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfate Resistance Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze–thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretes

et al. 2020

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“…To accurately predict the concrete compressive strength using SVM, a data set with a large amount of experimental data is required. Compared to field testing, the indoor accelerated corrosion testing can be performed with a controlled environment and thus has been widely applied to quickly obtain the compressive strength of concrete [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for predicting the compressive strength of cement-based materials exposed to sulfate attack

et al. 2018

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In this paper, a support vector machine (SVM) model which can be used to predict the compressive strength of mortars exposed to sulfate attack was established. An accelerated corrosion test was applied to collect compressive strength data. For predicting the compressive strength of mortars, a total of 638 data samples obtained from experiment was chosen as a dataset to establish a SVM model. The values of the coefficient of determination, the mean absolute error, the mean absolute percentage error and the root mean square error were used for evaluating the predictive accuracy. The main factors affecting the predicted compressive strength were obtained by sensitivity analysis. A SVM model was calibrated, validated, and finally established. Moreover, the performance of the SVM model was compared to an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Results show that the prediction values from the SVM model were close to the experimental values; the main factors sensitive to concrete compressive strength were exposure time, water-cement ratio and sulfate ions; the performance of the SVM model was better than the ANN model. The SVM model developed in this study can be potentially used for predicting the compressive strength of cement-based materials servicing in harsh environments.

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“…A large number of test methods has been developed to determine the resistance of concrete against the expansive form of sulphate attack [7]. Some efforts also exist to develop new accelerated test methods [8]. However, most test methods are based on measuring and interpreting the expansion of prisms and drill cores after immersion in a highly-concentrated sulphate solution for several months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

et al. 2018

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Limitations in the understanding of chemical key controls on concrete damaging mechanisms exacerbate predictions on the long-term performance and durability of cementitious materials. Therefore, the scope of the project “ASSpC Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete” is to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying deleterious chemical attacks. The herein presented alternative test, loosely following the regulations of the German Building Authority (DIBt) testing procedure (the so-called SVA test) for sulphate resistance, investigates the resistance of concrete mixes with high levels of limestone substitution (35%, 50% and 65%) against sulphate attack in a 10 g L-1 Na2SO4 solution at ambient temperature. Powdered samples were used in favour of prisms or drill cores to accelerate alteration reactions and to eliminate variations in microstructure or porosity. Based on throughout chemical and mineralogical characterisation of the experimental solutions and solid materials, we identified and traced several mineral reactions taking place in a chronological order: (1) dissolution of portlandite and Ca-leaching from C-S-H started immediately at the beginning of the experiments and provided the physicochemical conditions favourable for (2) the precipitation of massive calcite and ettringite during the advanced stage of chemical attack. Ongoing changes in the aqueous composition indicate that C-S-H dissolves incongruently and may be transformed into Si-bearing hydrogarnet. The amount of precipitated ettringite is apparently controlled by the availability of calcium, sulphate and aluminium and the precipitation rate correlates with the superplasticiser demand of the concrete mixes and with the pH of the solution during the nucleation and crystal growth stages, respectively. Our test allows distinguishing between competing reaction paths and kinetics and is capable to provide new insights into concrete damaging mechanisms in sulphate-loaded aqueous environments.

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An accelerated sulfate resistance test for concrete

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze–thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretes

RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze–thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretes

An approach for predicting the compressive strength of cement-based materials exposed to sulfate attack

A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

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