“…With the previous model and previous works , we can have the energy consumed in DIFS, back‐off, transmission, SIFS, ACK, and possible retransmission for collision occurrences to upload a data frame. If we sum up the energy consumptions listed in Equations (8), (10), (14), (16), (18), and (19) in , we obtain the total energy consumptions for the transmission of one frame, Total e , by where , , , , SIFS × idle p , and denote the energy consumed in DIFS, back‐off, transmission time, receiving time, idle listening, and collision time, respectively, to transmit a data frame when the number of active stations is M . Hence, the energy cost of DCF, ϵ b , in μJ/bit can be derived by intuitively, where E ( P size ) denotes the expected size of the PPDU payload in octets.…”