“…• OPCE: The proposed controller with consideration of the energy efficiency using the objective function (15). The random values generated for the initial SOC of the cells are: 0.7700, 0.8300, 0.7000, 0.8500, 0.7500, 0.7800, 0.8200, 0.8700, 0.7000 0.8600, 0.7300, 0.8600, 0.7800, and 0.7100.…”