An Adaptive on-Demand Multipath Routing Protocol With QoS Support for High-Speed MANET

Abstract

The mobility and resource limitation of nodes are the critical factors that affect the performance of Mobile AD hoc network (MANET). The mobility of nodes will affect the stability of links, and the limitation of node resources will lead to congestion, so it is very difficult to design a routing protocol that supports quality of service (QoS) in MANET. Especially in the scenario of high-speed node movement, frequent link interruption will damages QoS performance, so it is necessary to design MANET routing protocol that can adapt to network topology changes to support QoS. In this paper, we propose a Topological change Adaptive Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (TA-AOMDV) routing protocol, which can adapt to high-speed node movement to support QoS. In this protocol, a stable path selection algorithm is designed, which not only takes node resources (residual energy, available bandwidth and queue length) as the path selection parameters, but also considers the link stability probability between nodes. Furthermore, in order to adapt to the rapid change of topology, link interrupt prediction mechanism is integrated into the protocol, which updates the routing strategy based on periodic probabilistic estimates of link stability. Different scenarios with node speed in the range of 10-50m/s, data rate in the range of 4-40kbps and number of nodes in the range of 10-100 are simulated on NS2 platform. Our results show that the QoS metrics (packet delivery rate, end-to-end delay, and throughput) of the proposed protocol are significantly improved when the node speed is higher than 30m/s although it is slightly better when the node speed is lower than 30m/s. Our on-demand multipath routing protocol demonstrates high potential to support QoS for high-speed MANET. INDEX TERMS Mobile ad hoc network, link stability, QoS, multipath routing, cross layer.

Intelligent route discovery towards rushing attacks in ad hoc wireless networks

“…In this circumstance, MN1 -sender, MN17 -receiver, tthe distance between MN1 and MN17. (MN8) and (MN9) is the rushing attack route and the actual route of the routing protocols communication, index sender to receiver [7] [22] [23]. It is referred to the MN1 -sender, index MN8 to the receiver MN8, R1 is the general rushing route, R1MN1→ MN2→ MN5→ MN10→ MN9 is the total amount of nodes directivity between MN1-sender, MN17 -receiver, without (R1, MN1) and (R1, MN17) is 5.…”

Multipath Routing Protocol Using Genetic Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…Authors in [21] proposed a Topological change Adaptive Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (TA-AOMDV) routing protocol, which focuses on minimizing the data traffic with the use of QoS. The limitation of this protocol is that it does not work well in dynamic layouts which require both route stability and node density.…”

“…To address the impact of the mobility of the nodes which in turn causes a topological change, we consider nodes having a constant mobility speed of 10 meters/second. Each node is initialized with 100 Joules of energy, and the traffic source type is taken as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) in IEEE 802.11 mobile ad hoc network [21,24]. Probabilities of crossover P c and mutation P m are 0.5 and 0.1, respectively [27].…”

“…The routing overhead affects the network's robustness in terms of the bandwidth utilization and battery power consumption of the nodes. Formula (11) for routing overhead is as follows [21]:…”

MASEMUL: A Simulation Tool for Movement‐Aware MANET Scheduling Strategies for Multimedia Communications

“…In this context, triangulation heuristics were proposed to avoid the computational cost of solving the corresponding NP-hard optimization problem. The connectivity in high-speed MANETs becomes crucial, and Chen et al [4] proposed to use link stability probability estimation between nodes to rapidly adapt to the MANET topology among other parameters, including an interruption prediction mechanism. However, these works did not provide a MANET simulator in which alterations of their proposals could be tested to improve the state of the art in this context.…”