An Adhesive Bone Marrow Scaffold and Bone Morphogenetic-2 Protein Carrier for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Abstract

A chondroitin sulfate-bone marrow (CS-BM) adhesive hydrogel was used to localize rhBMP-2 to enhance articular cartilage tissue formation. Chondrocyte pellet culture revealed that 0.1 and 1 μg/mL of rhBMP-2 enhanced sulfated-GAG content. rhBMP-2 localization within the hydrogels was investigated, and it was found that BM, CS-NHS, and rhBMP-2 levels and time affected rhBMP-2 retention. Retention was modulated from 82 to 99% over a 3-week period for the material formulations investigated. To evaluate carrier efficacy, rhBMP-2 and bovine articular chondrocytes were encapsulated within CS-BM, and biochemical evaluation revealed significant increases in total collagen production with rhBMP-2. Histological analysis revealed more robust tissue formation and greater type-II collagen production with encapsulated rhBMP-2. Subsequently, a subcutaneous culture of hydrogels revealed increased total collagen, type-II to type-I collagen ratio, and sulfated GAG in samples carrying rhBMP-2. These findings indicate the development of a multifunctional system capable of localizing rhBMP-2 to enhance repair tissue quality.

Positive impact of IGF-1-coupled nanoparticles on the differentiation potential of human chondrocytes cultured on collagen scaffolds

“…[15][16][17][18] Superficial cartilage defects have mainly been treated with hyaluronic acid (HA), while chondral and osteochondral lesions have been medicated by means of HA and autologous cartilage transplantation (ACT) since 1994. [19][20][21][22][23] In the latter case, the use of matrixassisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation has become increasingly attractive since 1998, because articular cartilage defects of varying degrees can be replenished more easily and in a more targeted manner.…”

Adhesive Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…Two days after gel formation, viable cells were shown to be attached to the material [156]. Chondrocytes were shown to survive for 3 weeks after being encapsulated within chondroitin sulfate-NHS networks and combined with bone marrow and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 [157]. These are promising preliminary results, but it is important to note that most current bioadhesive polymers have functional groups that are not only reactive with components of ECM, but cell membranes, as well.…”

Introduction to In Situ Forming Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

“…Thermosensitive PNIPAAm-O-phosphoethanolamine grafted poly(acrylic acid)-PNIPAAm hydrogel showed potential as an osteogenic matrix [123]. Mixture of chondroitin sulfate succinimidyl succinate (CS-NHS) and freeze-thawed bone marrow aspirate formed hydrogels and showed potentials as a meniscus repair system [124] or an articular cartilage regenerative matrix when rhBMP-2 localized within the hydrogel [125]. Thermoresponsive and various terminal groups modified PNIPAAm brushes were fabricated for improving cell adhesion and cell sheet harvest [126].…”