An Agent-Based Simulation of Payment Behavior in E-Commerce

Hummel, Axel; Kern, Heiko; Döhler, Arndt

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24603-6_6

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(100 pc to kpc) extended jets. This is the case of Cen A (e.g., Clarke et al 1992), M87 (e.g., Lister & Homan 2005), NGC 1052 (e.g., Wrobel 1984;Kadler et al 2004), NGC 3079 (e.g., Seaquist et al 1978;Hummel et al 1983;Baan & Irwin 1995), NGC 3169 (e.g., Hummel et al 1987), NGC 3998 (e.g., Hummel 1980;Wrobel & Heeschen 1984), NGC 6500 (Unger et al 1989), NGC 315, NGC 1275, NGC 4261, NGC 4374, and NGC 7626 (e.g., Nagar et al 2005), and NGC 4594 (Gallimore et al 2006).…”

Section: 000mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence of Parsec-Scale Jets in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

Mezcua

Prieto

2014

ApJ

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The nuclear radio emission of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) is often associated with unresolved cores. In this paper we show that most LLAGN present extended jet radio emission when observed with sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity. They are thus able to power, at least, parsec-scale radio jets. To increase the detection rate of jets in LLAGN, we analyze subarcsecond resolution data of three low-ionization nuclear emission regions. This yields the detection of extended jet-like radio structures in NGC 1097 and NGC 2911 and the first resolved parsec-scale jet of NGC 4594 (Sombrero). The three sources belong to a sample of nearby LLAGN for which high-spatial-resolution spectral energy distribution of their core emission is available. This allows us to study their accretion rate and jet power (Q jet ) without drawing on (most) of the ad hoc assumptions usually considered in large statistical surveys. We find that those LLAGN with large-scale radio jets (>100 pc) have Q jet > 10 42 erg s −1 , while the lowest Q jet correspond to those LLAGN with parsec-scale (≤100 pc) jets. The Q jet is at least as large as the radiated bolometric luminosity for all LLAGN, in agreement with previous statistical studies. Our detection of parsec-scale jets in individual objects further shows that the kinematic jet contribution is equally important in large-or parsec-scale objects. We also find that the Eddington-scaled accretion rate is still highly sub-Eddington (< 10 −4 ) when adding the Q jet to the total emitted luminosity (radiated plus kinetic). This indicates that LLAGN are not only inefficient radiators but that they also accrete inefficiently or are very efficient advectors.

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Section: 000mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence of Parsec-Scale Jets in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

Mezcua

Prieto

2014

ApJ

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“…The contrast in nuclear star formation between barred and unbarred galaxies was first observed more than forty years ago based on radio continuum surveys (Cameron 1971;Dressel & Condon 1978;Dressel 1979;Heckman 1980;Hummel 1980Hummel , 1981. By contrasting the global radio luminosity with the nuclear radio luminosity for both barred and unbarred galaxies, these early studies detected a marked excess of nuclear star formation in ∼ 30 − 50% of barred systems (see reviews by Kennicutt ( , 1998; Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004)).…”

Section: Is the Presence Of A Bar A Necessary Condition Formentioning

confidence: 96%

Bar-induced Central Star Formation as Revealed by Integral Field Spectroscopy from CALIFA

Lin

et al. 2017

ApJ

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We investigate the recent star formation history (SFH) in the inner region of 57 nearly face-on spiral galaxies selected from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. For each galaxy we use the integral field spectroscopy from CALIFA to obtain two-dimensional maps and radial profiles of three parameters that are sensitive indicators of the recent SFH: the 4000Å break (D n (4000)), and the equivalent width of Hδ absorption (EW(Hδ A )) and Hα emission (EW(Hα)). We have also performed photometric decomposition of bulge/bar/disk components based on SDSS optical image. We identify a class of 17 "turnover" galaxies whose central region present significant drop in D n (4000), and most of them correspondingly show a central upturn in EW(Hδ A ) and EW(Hα). This indicates that the central region of the turnover galaxies has experienced star formation in the past 1-2 Gyr, which makes the bulge younger and more star-forming than surrounding regions. We find almost all (15/17) the turnover galaxies are barred, while only half of the barred galaxies in our sample (15/32) are classified as a turnover galaxy. This finding provides strong evidence in support of the theoretical expectation that the bar may drive gas from the disc inward to trigger star formation in galaxy center, an important channel for the growth/rejuvenation of pseudobulges in disc galaxies.

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“… 1, Beck et al (2002); 2, Kellermann, Pauliny‐Toth & Williams (1969); 3, Hummel (1980); 4, Klein, Wielebinski & Morsi (1988); 5, Gioia & Gregorini (1980); 6, Braun et al (2007); 7, de Bruyn (1977); 8, Klein & Emerson (1981); 9, Nagar, Falcke & Wilson (2005); 10, Hummel & Bosma (1982); 11, de Jong (1966); 12, Arp (1973); 13, Kuril’chik, Onishchenko & Turyvskii (1967); 14, Klein & Emerson (1981); 15, Sukumar et al (1987); 16, Wright et al (1990); 17, Brown & Hazard (1961); 18, Caswell & Wills (1967); 19, van der Kruit et al (1977); 20, de Jong (1967); 21, Kuril’chik et al (1970). …”

Section: Observations and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

GMRT 333-MHz observations of six nearby normal galaxies

Basu

Mitra

Wadadekar

et al. 2011

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We report Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) continuum observations of six nearby normal galaxies at 333 MHz. The galaxies are observed with angular resolutions better than ∼20 arcsec (corresponding to a linear scale of about 0.4–1 kpc). These observations are sensitive to all angular scales of interest, since the resolution of the shortest baseline in GMRT is greater than the angular size of the galaxies. Furthermore, for five of these galaxies we show that at 333 MHz, the mean thermal fraction is less than 5 per cent. Using archival data at about 1 GHz, we estimate the mean thermal fraction to be about 10 per cent at that frequency. We also find that the non‐thermal spectral index is generally steeper in regions with low thermal fraction and/or located in the outer parts of the galaxy. In regions of high thermal fraction, the non‐thermal spectral index is flatter, and has a narrow distribution peaking at ∼−0.78 with a spread of 0.16, putting stringent constraints on the physical conditions for generation, diffusion and energy losses of cosmic ray electrons at scales of ∼1 kpc.

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An Agent-Based Simulation of Payment Behavior in E-Commerce

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence of Parsec-Scale Jets in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

Evidence of Parsec-Scale Jets in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

Bar-induced Central Star Formation as Revealed by Integral Field Spectroscopy from CALIFA

GMRT 333-MHz observations of six nearby normal galaxies

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