An amperometric immunosensor for diagnosis of celiac disease based on covalent immobilization of open conformation tissue transglutaminase for determination of anti-tTG antibodies in human serum

Towards a blocking-free electrochemical immunosensing strategy for anti-transglutaminase antibodies using screen-printed electrodes

“…These results and analytical characteristics are comparable to those obtained by other electrochemical immunosensors using similar detection platforms but with longer assay times and performing a blocking step [30,40,41]. In other cases, where shorter analysis times are achieved, the procedure is more complicated with several steps [42][43][44].…”

Recent advances in biosensors for diagnosis of celiac disease: A review

“…Antibody specificity was found to be more against the open (active) conformation of TG2 than the closed form for the evaluation of the adherence to a GFD (Pallav et al, ). Therefore, an amperometric immunosensor, based on the covalent immobilization of TG2 in its open conformation, was developed for the determination of TGAs in human sera (Giannetto et al, ). The electrochemical functionalization of carbon electrode with gold nanoparticles subsequent derivatization with a SAM of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid covalently anchored open conformation of TG2 was stabilized through covalent binding of 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐ l ‐norleucine.…”

“…A modified piezoelectric immunosensor based on immobilization of tTG enzyme in its open conformation was proposed for detection of anti‐tTG antibodies. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with secondary antibodies (Ab‐AuNPs) were used for signal amplification (Manfredi, Mattarozzi, Giannetto, & Careri, ).…”

Construction and Potential Applications of Biosensors for Proteins in Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis

“…Sensitive and accurate biosensing systems for these biomarkers can not only significantly aid in the early diagnosis and clinical management of AIDs but also help to establish therapeutic strategies [ 4 ]. Biosensors for the detection of autoantibodies specific to AIDs, including antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ], rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [ 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ], multiple sclerosis (MS) [ 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ], and celiac disease (CD) [ 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ], are now constructed based on diverse techniques with many advantages, including high sensitivity and easy operation.…”